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Характеризуется: \n- непреодолимым влечением к спиртному [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/); \n- потерей контроля над количеством и частотой употребления [5](https://xn--g1ajj1a.xn--p1ai/articles/alkogolizm/); \n- развитием абстинентного синдрома при попытке прекратить употребление [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). \n\nВсемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ) определяет алкоголизм как болезнь, а не моральный порок или слабость характера [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nФормирование патологической тяги к этиловому спирту — сложный процесс, в котором участвуют биологические, психологические и социальные механизмы [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). Некоторые факторы: \n* **Генетическая предрасположенность** — риск зависимости выше у людей, у которых родственники страдали от алкоголизма [7](https://lifematter.ru/article/pochemu-stanovyatsya-alkogolikami/). \n* **Психологические причины** — употребление алкоголя как способа справляться со стрессом, тревогой, депрессией [7](https://lifematter.ru/article/pochemu-stanovyatsya-alkogolikami/). \n* **Социальные факторы** — культурные нормы, где потребление алкоголя рассматривается как обычное явление, что может способствовать частому употреблению [7](https://lifematter.ru/article/pochemu-stanovyatsya-alkogolikami/).\n\n## Стадии\nВыделяют три стадии развития алкоголизма [11](https://ROSA.clinic/blog/narkologia/stadii-alkogolnoy-zavisimosti-alkogolizma/): \n1. **Первая (начальная)** — от нескольких месяцев до 2–3 лет [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). Психическая зависимость, сохранение контроля над количеством выпитого, частые мысли о спиртном [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). \n2. **Вторая (развёрнутая)** — 5–15 лет [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). Физическая зависимость, абстинентный синдром, максимальная толерантность к этанолу [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). \n3. **Третья (конечная)** — 10–20 лет [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). Деградация личности, тяжёлые поражения внутренних органов, снижение толерантности, опьянение от малых доз [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/).\n\n## Последствия\nБез лечения патология прогрессирует и может привести к инвалидности или смерти [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). Некоторые последствия: \n* **Для организма** — необратимые изменения в головном мозге, печени, сердце, других органах [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). \n* **Для социальной жизни** — проблемы в семье, на работе, в отношениях с друзьями, которые напрямую связаны со спиртным [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/).\n\n## Лечение\nДля успешного выхода из алкогольной зависимости необходимо обратиться за помощью к врачам-наркологам, психотерапевтам или к специалистам реабилитационных центров [12](https://dzhmao.ru/info/articles/stadii-alkogolnoy-zavisimosti/). 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