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Характеризуется: \n- непреодолимым влечением к спиртному [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/); \n- потерей контроля над количеством и частотой употребления [5](https://xn--g1ajj1a.xn--p1ai/articles/alkogolizm/); \n- развитием абстинентного синдрома при попытке прекратить употребление [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). \n\nВсемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ) определяет алкоголизм как болезнь, а не моральный порок или слабость характера [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nФормирование патологической тяги к этиловому спирту — сложный процесс, в котором участвуют биологические, психологические и социальные механизмы [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). Некоторые факторы: \n* **Генетическая предрасположенность** — риск зависимости выше у людей, у которых родственники страдали от алкоголизма [7](https://lifematter.ru/article/pochemu-stanovyatsya-alkogolikami/). \n* **Психологические причины** — употребление алкоголя как способа справляться со стрессом, тревогой, депрессией [7](https://lifematter.ru/article/pochemu-stanovyatsya-alkogolikami/). \n* **Социальные факторы** — культурные нормы, где потребление алкоголя рассматривается как обычное явление, что может способствовать частому употреблению [7](https://lifematter.ru/article/pochemu-stanovyatsya-alkogolikami/).\n\n## Стадии\nВыделяют три стадии развития алкоголизма [11](https://ROSA.clinic/blog/narkologia/stadii-alkogolnoy-zavisimosti-alkogolizma/): \n1. **Первая (начальная)** — от нескольких месяцев до 2–3 лет [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). Психическая зависимость, сохранение контроля над количеством выпитого, частые мысли о спиртном [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). \n2. **Вторая (развёрнутая)** — 5–15 лет [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). Физическая зависимость, абстинентный синдром, максимальная толерантность к этанолу [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). \n3. **Третья (конечная)** — 10–20 лет [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). Деградация личности, тяжёлые поражения внутренних органов, снижение толерантности, опьянение от малых доз [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/).\n\n## Последствия\nБез лечения патология прогрессирует и может привести к инвалидности или смерти [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). Некоторые последствия: \n* **Для организма** — необратимые изменения в головном мозге, печени, сердце, других органах [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/). \n* **Для социальной жизни** — проблемы в семье, на работе, в отношениях с друзьями, которые напрямую связаны со спиртным [1](https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/).\n\n## Лечение\nДля успешного выхода из алкогольной зависимости необходимо обратиться за помощью к врачам-наркологам, психотерапевтам или к специалистам реабилитационных центров [12](https://dzhmao.ru/info/articles/stadii-alkogolnoy-zavisimosti/). Некоторые методы лечения: \n* **Детоксикация** — организм очищается от алкоголя с помощью капельницы, курс может занять от нескольких дней до недели [21](https://our-health.center/about/stati/kak-brosit-pit/). \n* **Стационарное лечение** — пребывание в наркологической клинике с круглосуточным наблюдением от медицинских специалистов [21](https://our-health.center/about/stati/kak-brosit-pit/). \n* **Амбулаторное лечение** — позволяет пациенту жить дома, получая необходимую терапию в клинике [21](https://our-health.center/about/stati/kak-brosit-pit/). \n* **Психотерапия** — например, когнитивно-поведенческая терапия помогает изменить разрушительные мысли и поведение, способствующие зависимости [21](https://our-health.center/about/stati/kak-brosit-pit/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/","shownUrl":"https://voronezh-narcology.ru/about/stati/alkogolizm-ili-pyanstvo/","title":"Алкоголик или пьяница: как отличить бытовое пьянство от зависимости? | Эвераль","shortUrl":"voronezh-narcology.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"voronezh-narcology.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://doct.ru/articles/alkogolizm2.html","shownUrl":"https://doct.ru/articles/alkogolizm2.html","title":"Алкоголизм: причины, механизм развития, стадии и лечение","shortUrl":"doct.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"doct.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://unclinic.ru/alkogolizm/","shownUrl":"https://unclinic.ru/alkogolizm/","title":"Алкоголизм | Университетская клиника","shortUrl":"unclinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"unclinic.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC","shownUrl":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC","title":"Алкоголизм — Википедия","shortUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://xn--g1ajj1a.xn--p1ai/articles/alkogolizm/","shownUrl":"https://xn--g1ajj1a.xn--p1ai/articles/alkogolizm/","title":"Алкоголизм - симптомы и признаки, лечение, стадии и последствия алкогольной зависимости","shortUrl":"мцпз.рф","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"мцпз.рф"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://alcorehab.ru/articles/prichiny-vozniknoveniya-alkogolizma/","shownUrl":"https://alcorehab.ru/articles/prichiny-vozniknoveniya-alkogolizma/","title":"✔️ Причины возникновения алкоголизма | Почему люди становятся алкоголиками","shortUrl":"alcorehab.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"alcorehab.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://lifematter.ru/article/pochemu-stanovyatsya-alkogolikami/","shownUrl":"https://lifematter.ru/article/pochemu-stanovyatsya-alkogolikami/","title":"Почему становятся алкоголиками? - Реабилитационный центр «Ценность Жизни»","shortUrl":"lifematter.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"lifematter.ru"},{"sourceId":8,"url":"https://klinica-vera.ru/article/raznoe/prichiny-alkogolizma-pochemu-lyudi-stanovyatsya-zavisimymi-ot-alkogolya/","shownUrl":"https://klinica-vera.ru/article/raznoe/prichiny-alkogolizma-pochemu-lyudi-stanovyatsya-zavisimymi-ot-alkogolya/","title":"Алкоголизм причины возникновения: лечение. 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