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В норме эти структуры должны обеспечивать фокусировку световых лучей в одной точке на сетчатке, но при астигматизме лучи преломляются неравномерно, создавая множество фокусных точек [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/astigmatizm-simptomy-i-priznaki-lazernaya-korrektsiya-kak-sposob-vosstanovleniya/). Это приводит к искажению изображения, размытости и нечёткости как на близком, так и на дальнем расстоянии [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/astigmatizm-simptomy-i-priznaki-lazernaya-korrektsiya-kak-sposob-vosstanovleniya/).\n\n\n\n## Виды\nНекоторые виды астигматизма: \n* **Роговичный** — развивается из-за неправильной асимметричной кривизны роговицы [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/astigmatizm-simptomy-i-priznaki-lazernaya-korrektsiya-kak-sposob-vosstanovleniya/). Передняя прозрачная оболочка глаза имеет не сферическую, а эллипсоидную форму, этим и объясняется неравномерное преломление света [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/astigmatizm-simptomy-i-priznaki-lazernaya-korrektsiya-kak-sposob-vosstanovleniya/). \n* **Хрусталиковый** — обусловлен аномальной формой хрусталика, который тоже отвечает за преломление света [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/astigmatizm-simptomy-i-priznaki-lazernaya-korrektsiya-kak-sposob-vosstanovleniya/). Деформация хрусталика может быть вызвана различными факторами, включая возрастные изменения, травмы или заболевания [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/astigmatizm-simptomy-i-priznaki-lazernaya-korrektsiya-kak-sposob-vosstanovleniya/). \n* **Смешанный** — комбинированная форма, сочетающая признаки роговичного и хрусталикового астигматизма [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/astigmatizm-simptomy-i-priznaki-lazernaya-korrektsiya-kak-sposob-vosstanovleniya/).\n\n## Причины\nАстигматизм может быть врождённым или приобретённым [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/astigmatizm-simptomy-i-priznaki-lazernaya-korrektsiya-kak-sposob-vosstanovleniya/)[6](https://www.smclinic-ryazan.ru/about/diseases/astigmatizm/). Некоторые причины: \n* **Генетическая предрасположенность** — аномалия формы роговицы или хрусталика передаются по наследству от родителей к детям [11](https://optica24.ru/stati/astigmatizm/). \n* **Травмы глаза** — повреждения, которые привели к деформации роговицы или хрусталика [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/astigmatizm-simptomy-i-priznaki-lazernaya-korrektsiya-kak-sposob-vosstanovleniya/). \n* **Хирургические операции на глазах** — могут повлиять на форму роговицы и изменить характер преломления световых лучей [11](https://optica24.ru/stati/astigmatizm/). \n* **Заболевания глаз**, например, кератоконус (прогрессирующее истончение и выбухание роговицы) [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/astigmatizm-simptomy-i-priznaki-lazernaya-korrektsiya-kak-sposob-vosstanovleniya/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагноз «астигматизм» ставит врач-офтальмолог на основе проверки рефракции (преломляющей силы оптической системы) глаза [5](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/astigmatizm/). Для диагностики используют, например: \n* **Рефрактометрию** — аппаратный метод определения параметров рефракции органов зрения с помощью специального оборудования — рефрактометра [14](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/astigmatizm/). \n* **Офтальмометрию (кератометрию)** — измерение кривизны роговицы [14](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/astigmatizm/).\n\n## Лечение\nВыбор метода лечения зависит от степени патологии, возраста, наличия сопутствующих заболеваний и индивидуальных особенностей человека [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/astigmatizm-simptomy-i-priznaki-lazernaya-korrektsiya-kak-sposob-vosstanovleniya/). Некоторые методы коррекции астигматизма: \n* **Очки с цилиндрическими линзами** — компенсируют неправильную рефракцию света, обеспечивая чёткое изображение [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/astigmatizm-simptomy-i-priznaki-lazernaya-korrektsiya-kak-sposob-vosstanovleniya/). \n* **Торические контактные линзы** — альтернатива очкам, особенно при высоких степенях астигматизма [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/astigmatizm-simptomy-i-priznaki-lazernaya-korrektsiya-kak-sposob-vosstanovleniya/). \n* **Лазерная коррекция** — если астигматизм высокой степени, процедура изменяет форму роговицы, чем улучшает зрение [12](https://eurodon61.ru/about/articles/prichiny-vozniknoveniya-astigmatizma-geneticheskie-i-priobretennye-faktory-simptomy-diagnostika-lech/). \n\n**Важно!** Очки и контактные линзы не способны излечить астигматизм — они только временно корректируют зрительные дефекты [17](https://xn--80aaoaijp1bgbu5n.xn--p1ai/articles/astigmatizm/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/astigmatizm-simptomy-i-priznaki-lazernaya-korrektsiya-kak-sposob-vosstanovleniya/","shownUrl":"https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/astigmatizm-simptomy-i-priznaki-lazernaya-korrektsiya-kak-sposob-vosstanovleniya/","title":"Что такое астигматизм? 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