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Наиболее часто воспалительный процесс затрагивает тонкий и толстый кишечник, но в некоторых случаях охватывает даже верхние отделы пищеварительного тракта [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/). \n\n**Особенность**: глубокое поражение всех слоёв стенки кишечника, что отличает болезнь Крона от других воспалительных заболеваний ЖКТ [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/). Заболевание характеризуется чередованием периодов обострения и ремиссии [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nТочные причины развития болезни Крона остаются не до конца изученными, но большинство исследований указывает на мультифакторную природу заболевания [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/). Некоторые причины: \n* **Генетическая предрасположенность** — если у близких родственников диагностирована болезнь Крона или другие аутоиммунные заболевания, риск её возникновения выше [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/). \n* **Иммунологические нарушения** — иммунная система атакует клетки кишечника, провоцируя хроническое воспаление [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/). \n* **Влияние окружающей среды** — неблагоприятная экология, курение, неправильное питание и стрессы могут усугублять течение заболевания [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/).\n\n## Симптомы\nПроявления болезни Крона зависят от локализации воспаления и тяжести заболевания [5](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/bolezn_krona/). Выделяют кишечные и внекишечные признаки [5](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/bolezn_krona/): \n* **Кишечные симптомы**: диарея (обильный частый стул, нередко с кровью или слизью), боль в животе, вздутие живота, тошнота, потеря аппетита, снижение веса из-за нарушения всасывания питательных веществ [5](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/bolezn_krona/). \n* **Внекишечные проявления**: общая слабость и быстрая утомляемость, повышение температуры тела в период обострения болезни, артрит, кожные поражения, воспаление глаз [5](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/bolezn_krona/). \n\nСимптомы обычно усиливаются в периоды обострения, а в фазе ремиссии могут быть минимальными или полностью отсутствовать [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля диагностики болезни Крона используют комплексный подход [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Анализ крови и кала** — помогают выявить признаки воспаления и исключить инфекционные заболевания [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/). \n* **Колоноскопия** — позволяет визуализировать поражённые участки кишечника и взять образцы тканей для биопсии [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/). \n* **При необходимости** — дополнительные методы визуализации, такие как КТ или МРТ [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/).\n\n## Лечение\nТерапия болезни Крона направлена на достижение ремиссии, предотвращение обострений и улучшение качества жизни пациента [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/). **Основу лечения составляют медикаменты**: противовоспалительные препараты, кортикостероиды для снятия острых симптомов, иммунодепрессанты и биологические агенты для подавления иммунной активности [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/). \n\n**Важный элемент** — диетотерапия: пациентам рекомендуется исключить из рациона жирную, острую и трудноусвояемую пищу [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/). \n\n**При развитии осложнений**, таких как свищи или непроходимость, может потребоваться хирургическое вмешательство [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/). \n\n**Полностью вылечить болезнь Крона невозможно**, но современные методы диагностики и терапии позволяют эффективно контролировать её течение и минимизировать риск осложнений [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/","shownUrl":"https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/bolezn-krona/","title":"Болезнь Крона: симптомы, диагностика, профилактика и лечение","shortUrl":"mos-clinics.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mos-clinics.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://comfort.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/bolezn-krona/","shownUrl":"https://comfort.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/bolezn-krona/","title":"Болезнь Крона: причины, симптомы и лечение","shortUrl":"comfort.sovamed.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"comfort.sovamed.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_gastroenterologia/crohn","shownUrl":"https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_gastroenterologia/crohn","title":"Болезнь Крона - 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