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Из-за этого человеку становится трудно дышать [3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/bronkhialnaya-astma/). \n\n**Механизм развития**: во время приступа происходит спазм гладкой мускулатуры бронхов, отёк их стенок и повышенная продукция слизи, что затрудняет прохождение воздуха [4](https://Medgorod-clinic.ru/stati/bronkhialnaya-astma--chto-eto-takoe-i-kak-s-ney-zhit-/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые факторы, провоцирующие приступы астмы: \n* **Аллергены** (пыльца растений, бытовая пыль, шерсть животных и др.) [6](https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/zabolevanie-bronkhov/bronkhialnaya-astma/)[7](https://president-medical.ru/diseases/astma/). \n* **Посторонние вещества** (загрязнение воздуха, табачный дым, химические вещества) [7](https://president-medical.ru/diseases/astma/). \n* **Инфекции дыхательных путей** (особенно в раннем детстве) [7](https://president-medical.ru/diseases/astma/). \n* **Физическая активность** [7](https://president-medical.ru/diseases/astma/). \n* **Стресс** (при сильном эмоциональном стрессе при предрасположенности развивается или усиливается астма) [7](https://president-medical.ru/diseases/astma/). \n\n**Наследственность** играет важную роль: если у родителей или близких родственников есть астма, риск развития заболевания увеличивается [7](https://president-medical.ru/diseases/astma/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые симптомы бронхиальной астмы: \n* **Приступы удушья** [11](https://www.rigla.ru/about/news/2025/astma). \n* **Хрипы** — высокочастотные свистящие звуки при дыхании, особенно на выдохе [11](https://www.rigla.ru/about/news/2025/astma). \n* **Кашель** — может быть сухим или сопровождаться выделением небольшого количества вязкой слизистой мокроты [11](https://www.rigla.ru/about/news/2025/astma). \n* **Чувство стеснения в груди** [11](https://www.rigla.ru/about/news/2025/astma). \n\nУ части пациентов симптомы возникают только при воздействии определённых триггеров, в других случаях — постоянные [11](https://www.rigla.ru/about/news/2025/astma).\n\n## Диагностика\nПри появлении характерных симптомов бронхиальной астмы нужно обратиться к врачу: терапевту или аллергологу [12](https://forma.eapteka.ru/articles/cto-nuzno-znat-o-bronhial-noj-astme). Он проведёт осмотр, прослушает лёгкие фонендоскопом и назначит обследование [12](https://forma.eapteka.ru/articles/cto-nuzno-znat-o-bronhial-noj-astme). Некоторые методы диагностики: \n* **Общий анализ крови** — при астме в крови растут эозинофилы — клетки, участвующие в развитии аллергической реакции [12](https://forma.eapteka.ru/articles/cto-nuzno-znat-o-bronhial-noj-astme). \n* **Анализ крови на уровень общего иммуноглобулина E** — этот маркер повышается при аллергическом характере бронхиальной астмы [12](https://forma.eapteka.ru/articles/cto-nuzno-znat-o-bronhial-noj-astme). \n* **Аллергопробы** — под кожу пациента вводят различные аллергены и наблюдают за реакцией [12](https://forma.eapteka.ru/articles/cto-nuzno-znat-o-bronhial-noj-astme).\n\n## Лечение\n**Полностью вылечить бронхиальную астму невозможно** [1](https://asi.org.ru/2024/12/11/bronhialnaya-astma-chto-eto-i-slozhno-li-s-nej-zhit/)[3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/bronkhialnaya-astma/). Цель лечения — устранить воспаление и сужение бронхов, облегчить дыхание и предотвратить очередной приступ [8](https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/bronkhialnaya-astma/). \n\n**Некоторые методы лечения**: \n* **Исключение аллергенов** — например, при реакции на бытовые раздражители нужно заменить перьевые постельные принадлежности на синтепоновые [16](https://366.ru/articles/bronkhialnaja-astma-simptomy-i-lechenie/). \n* **Медикаментозная терапия** — назначают поддерживающие препараты (для постоянного приёма) и ситуативные (для снятия приступа удушья) [16](https://366.ru/articles/bronkhialnaja-astma-simptomy-i-lechenie/). \n* **В ремиссионные периоды** — физиотерапевтические сеансы, лечебную физкультуру, рекомендуют освоить дыхательную гимнастику [16](https://366.ru/articles/bronkhialnaja-astma-simptomy-i-lechenie/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://asi.org.ru/2024/12/11/bronhialnaya-astma-chto-eto-i-slozhno-li-s-nej-zhit/","shownUrl":"https://asi.org.ru/2024/12/11/bronhialnaya-astma-chto-eto-i-slozhno-li-s-nej-zhit/","title":"Сложно ли жить с бронхиальной астмой","shortUrl":"asi.org.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"asi.org.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/bronkhialnaya-astma/","shownUrl":"https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/bronkhialnaya-astma/","title":"Бронхиальная астма : лечение и диагностика причин астмы в Москве","shortUrl":"fnkc-fmba.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"fnkc-fmba.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/bronkhialnaya-astma/","shownUrl":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/bronkhialnaya-astma/","title":"Бронхиальная астма - симптомы, диагностика и лечение","shortUrl":"gemotest.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"gemotest.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://Medgorod-clinic.ru/stati/bronkhialnaya-astma--chto-eto-takoe-i-kak-s-ney-zhit-/","shownUrl":"https://Medgorod-clinic.ru/stati/bronkhialnaya-astma--chto-eto-takoe-i-kak-s-ney-zhit-/","title":"Бронхиальная астма: что это и как с ней жить?","shortUrl":"Medgorod-clinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"Medgorod-clinic.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/bronkhialnaya_astma/","shownUrl":"https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/bronkhialnaya_astma/","title":"Бронхиальная астма: группа риска, причины и симптомы заболевания. 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