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Воспаление может затрагивать только слизистую оболочку бронхов или поражать всю толщу их стенки [1](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/bronkhit/). \n\nВыделяют две формы бронхита [6](https://rafamin.ru/articles/bronkhit/): \n1. **Острый** — кратковременное заболевание, появляется на фоне ОРВИ или другой инфекции [6](https://rafamin.ru/articles/bronkhit/). \n2. **Хронический** — постоянное, повторяющееся воспаление бронхов, которое приводит к уменьшению их проходимости и нарушению функции лёгких [10](https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/terapiya/bronkhit/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины бронхита: \n* **Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции** (вирусы гриппа А и В, парагриппа и др.) [6](https://rafamin.ru/articles/bronkhit/). \n* **Бактериальные инфекции** (стрептококки, микоплазмы и другие бактерии) [6](https://rafamin.ru/articles/bronkhit/). Чаще всего бактериальный бронхит развивается на фоне ОРВИ в виде осложнения [6](https://rafamin.ru/articles/bronkhit/). \n* **Воздействие загрязнителей воздуха**: химических паров серы, хлора, аммиака, промышленной пыли и других агрессивных веществ [6](https://rafamin.ru/articles/bronkhit/). \n* **Аллергены** — могут вызывать повреждения тканей бронхов [6](https://rafamin.ru/articles/bronkhit/).\n\n## Симптомы\nОсновной симптом — **кашель**, как правило, сначала сухой, затем с выделением мокроты [6](https://rafamin.ru/articles/bronkhit/). Зеленоватый оттенок мокроты может говорить о присоединении бактериального осложнения [6](https://rafamin.ru/articles/bronkhit/). \n\nДругие местные симптомы: \n* боль и дискомфорт в груди, усиливающиеся при кашле [6](https://rafamin.ru/articles/bronkhit/); \n* хрипы при дыхании из-за сужения бронхов [6](https://rafamin.ru/articles/bronkhit/); \n* одышка, особенно при физической нагрузке [6](https://rafamin.ru/articles/bronkhit/). \n\nПри обострениях хронического бронхита симптомы болезни менее выражены, а в стадии ремиссии почти не заметны для больного [6](https://rafamin.ru/articles/bronkhit/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагностикой и лечением бронхита занимаются терапевты и пульмонологи [4](https://Kislorod.ru/info/articles/zabolevaniya/bronkhit/). Для уточнения диагноза могут назначить: \n* клинический и биохимический анализ крови [4](https://Kislorod.ru/info/articles/zabolevaniya/bronkhit/); \n* посев мокроты и исследование на чувствительность к антибиотикам [4](https://Kislorod.ru/info/articles/zabolevaniya/bronkhit/); \n* рентгенографию или КТ грудной клетки [4](https://Kislorod.ru/info/articles/zabolevaniya/bronkhit/); \n* спирометрию для оценки функций дыхания [4](https://Kislorod.ru/info/articles/zabolevaniya/bronkhit/).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение бронхита должно быть комплексным: необходимо устранить инфекцию и вредные провоцирующие факторы, восстановить проходимость бронхов [17](https://sakhalin.medscangroup.ru/zabolevaniya/bronhit/). \n\n**Основной способ лечения** — медикаментозная терапия [17](https://sakhalin.medscangroup.ru/zabolevaniya/bronhit/). Врач назначает: \n* при вирусной форме заболевания — противовирусные средства [17](https://sakhalin.medscangroup.ru/zabolevaniya/bronhit/); \n* при бактериальной форме — антибактериальные препараты [17](https://sakhalin.medscangroup.ru/zabolevaniya/bronhit/); \n* при высокой температуре и сильной интоксикации организма — жаропонижающие и противовоспалительные средства [17](https://sakhalin.medscangroup.ru/zabolevaniya/bronhit/); \n* при плохом отхождении мокроты — препараты, усиливающие отхаркивание [17](https://sakhalin.medscangroup.ru/zabolevaniya/bronhit/). \n\n**При хронической форме** заболевания показаны полупостельный режим, физиотерапия, дыхательная гимнастика [17](https://sakhalin.medscangroup.ru/zabolevaniya/bronhit/). В периоды ремиссии полезно санаторно-курортное лечение [17](https://sakhalin.medscangroup.ru/zabolevaniya/bronhit/). \n\n**Самолечение** при бронхите не рекомендуется — при лечении следует чётко следовать инструкциям лечащего врача [4](https://Kislorod.ru/info/articles/zabolevaniya/bronkhit/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/bronkhit/","shownUrl":"https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/bronkhit/","title":"Бронхит - симптомы, признаки, виды и лечение бронхита у взрослых в Москве в «СМ-Клиника»","shortUrl":"smclinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"smclinic.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://www.celt.ru/napravlenija/pulmonologija/zabolevanija/bronhit/","shownUrl":"https://www.celt.ru/napravlenija/pulmonologija/zabolevanija/bronhit/","title":"Бронхит — симптомы и лечение сухого кашля в клинике ЦЕЛТ","shortUrl":"celt.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"celt.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82","shownUrl":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82","title":"Бронхит — Википедия","shortUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://Kislorod.ru/info/articles/zabolevaniya/bronkhit/","shownUrl":"https://Kislorod.ru/info/articles/zabolevaniya/bronkhit/","title":"Бронхит: симптомы, классификация, причины, диагностика и лечение","shortUrl":"Kislorod.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"Kislorod.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/terapiya-bolezny/bronkhit/","shownUrl":"https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/terapiya-bolezny/bronkhit/","title":"Пульмонология: Бронхит - диагностика и лечение в СПб, цена","shortUrl":"gosmed.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"gosmed.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://rafamin.ru/articles/bronkhit/","shownUrl":"https://rafamin.ru/articles/bronkhit/","title":"Бронхит: симптомы и лечение разных видов бронхита у взрослых","shortUrl":"rafamin.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"rafamin.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://www.labstori.ru/book/bronhit/","shownUrl":"https://www.labstori.ru/book/bronhit/","title":"Бронхит: симптомы, диагностика и лечение бронхита | ЛабСтори","shortUrl":"labstori.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"labstori.ru"},{"sourceId":8,"url":"https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_pulmonology/bronchitis","shownUrl":"https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_pulmonology/bronchitis","title":"Бронхит - причины, симптомы, диагностика и лечение","shortUrl":"KrasotaiMedicina.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"KrasotaiMedicina.ru"},{"sourceId":9,"url":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/bronkhit/","shownUrl":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/bronkhit/","title":"Бронхит - симптомы и лечение у взрослых, как понять, что у тебя бронхит","shortUrl":"gemotest.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"gemotest.ru"},{"sourceId":10,"url":"https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/terapiya/bronkhit/","shownUrl":"https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/terapiya/bronkhit/","title":"Бронхит — причины, симптомы и лечение заболевания | Клиника «Альфа-Центр Здоровья»","shortUrl":"alfazdrav.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"alfazdrav.ru"},{"sourceId":11,"url":"https://www.med157.ru/articles/hronicheskij-bronhit","shownUrl":"https://www.med157.ru/articles/hronicheskij-bronhit","title":"Бронхит у взрослых: как развивается и при каких симптомах требуется лечение","shortUrl":"med157.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"med157.ru"},{"sourceId":12,"url":"https://polyclin.ru/articles/bronhit/","shownUrl":"https://polyclin.ru/articles/bronhit/","title":"Бронхит: симптомы, виды, лечение и диагностика","shortUrl":"polyclin.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"polyclin.ru"},{"sourceId":13,"url":"https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/26150/","shownUrl":"https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/26150/","title":"Бронхит - причины появления, симптомы заболевания, диагностика и способы лечения","shortUrl":"invitro.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"invitro.ru"},{"sourceId":14,"url":"https://ProBolezny.ru/ostryy-bronhit/","shownUrl":"https://ProBolezny.ru/ostryy-bronhit/","title":"Острый бронхит: причины, симптомы и лечение в статье аллерголога Столярова Е. 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