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Это состояние развивается медленно, чаще всего встречается у пожилых людей, сопровождается снижением качества жизни человека и его близких [1](https://minzdrav.gov.ru/regional_news/26498-tomskiy-vrach-rasskazala-o-tom-kakie-simptomy-i-prichiny-dementsii-mogut-vozniknut). \n\n**Деменция не является закономерным процессом старения** — снижение когнитивных функций при этом синдроме происходит быстрее и более выраженно [1](https://minzdrav.gov.ru/regional_news/26498-tomskiy-vrach-rasskazala-o-tom-kakie-simptomy-i-prichiny-dementsii-mogut-vozniknut)[4](https://stolichki.ru/clubs/health/podkast/kak-raspoznat-demenciyu).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nДеменция возникает из-за повреждения или потери нервных клеток и их связей в головном мозге [4](https://stolichki.ru/clubs/health/podkast/kak-raspoznat-demenciyu). Некоторые причины: \n* **Болезнь Альцгеймера** — накопление амилоидных бляшек и нейрофибриллярных клубков в мозге [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-demencii-5692)[6](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/demenciya/). \n* **Сосудистая деменция** — возникает из-за нарушений кровоснабжения мозга (после инсультов, при хронической ишемии) [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-demencii-5692). \n* **Лобно-височная деменция** (дегенерация) — поражает преимущественно лобные и височные доли мозга, влияя на поведение и речь [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-demencii-5692). \n* **Деменция с тельцами Леви** — характеризуется колебаниями когнитивных функций, зрительными галлюцинациями и двигательными нарушениями [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-demencii-5692).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые симптомы деменции: \n* **Нарушения памяти** — особенно страдает кратковременная память (забывание недавних событий, разговоров, повторение вопросов) [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-demencii-5692). Позже нарушается и долговременная память [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-demencii-5692). \n* **Трудности с мышлением и речью** — проблемы с подбором слов, пониманием сложных фраз, решением задач, планированием, логическим мышлением [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-demencii-5692). \n* **Дезориентация** — человек может теряться в знакомых местах, путать время суток, даты, года [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-demencii-5692). \n* **Изменения личности и поведения** — может появиться апатия, раздражительность, тревожность, подозрительность, агрессия или, наоборот, излишняя беспечность [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-demencii-5692). \n* **Снижение способности к самообслуживанию** — трудности с приготовлением пищи, уборкой, личной гигиеной, управлением финансами [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-demencii-5692).\n\n## Диагностика\nТочный диагноз может поставить только врач — невролог или психиатр [9](https://rc.mc21.ru/articles/dementsiya/)[12](https://locmr.ru/articles/dementsiya/). Некоторые методы диагностики: \n* **Сбор анамнеза** — врач расспрашивает пациента и его родственников о характере симптомов, времени их появления и прогрессирования [13](https://www.neuro-ural.ru/patient/dictonary/ru/d/demencziya.html). \n* **Оценка когнитивных функций** с помощью специальных тестов, например, MMSE-теста на деменцию или Монреальской когнитивной шкалы [12](https://locmr.ru/articles/dementsiya/). \n* **Методы визуализации** — магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) или компьютерная томография (КТ) — используются для оценки структуры головного мозга [12](https://locmr.ru/articles/dementsiya/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Универсального лекарства от деменции не существует** — современные препараты способны лишь замедлить её прогрессирование, но не остановить полностью [1](https://minzdrav.gov.ru/regional_news/26498-tomskiy-vrach-rasskazala-o-tom-kakie-simptomy-i-prichiny-dementsii-mogut-vozniknut). Некоторые методы лечения: \n* **Медикаментозная терапия** — лекарства зависят от типа деменции [15](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/sovremennye-podkhody-k-lecheniyu-dementsii-u-pozhilykh-patsientov/). \n* **Немедикаментозные методы** — когнитивные тренировки (упражнения на память и внимание), социальная активность и физическая нагрузка [15](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/sovremennye-podkhody-k-lecheniyu-dementsii-u-pozhilykh-patsientov/). \n* **Организация ухода** — на ранних стадиях поддерживают самостоятельность пациента, поощряя выполнение простых дел и контролируя безопасность [15](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/sovremennye-podkhody-k-lecheniyu-dementsii-u-pozhilykh-patsientov/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://minzdrav.gov.ru/regional_news/26498-tomskiy-vrach-rasskazala-o-tom-kakie-simptomy-i-prichiny-dementsii-mogut-vozniknut","shownUrl":"https://minzdrav.gov.ru/regional_news/26498-tomskiy-vrach-rasskazala-o-tom-kakie-simptomy-i-prichiny-dementsii-mogut-vozniknut","title":"Томский врач рассказала о том, какие симптомы и причины деменции могут возникнуть","shortUrl":"minzdrav.gov.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"minzdrav.gov.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-demencii-5692","shownUrl":"https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-demencii-5692","title":"Деменция: Лечение, признаки и причины","shortUrl":"Megapteka.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"Megapteka.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/dementsiya/","shownUrl":"https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/dementsiya/","title":"Деменция: причины, симптомы, диагностика и лечение","shortUrl":"voronezh.sovamed.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"voronezh.sovamed.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://stolichki.ru/clubs/health/podkast/kak-raspoznat-demenciyu","shownUrl":"https://stolichki.ru/clubs/health/podkast/kak-raspoznat-demenciyu","title":"Игры разума: как распознать деменцию","shortUrl":"stolichki.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"stolichki.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://ihospital.ru/neurology/kognitivnye_narushenija_i_demencija:_kak_vovremja_raspoznat_i_profilaktirovat/1441/","shownUrl":"https://ihospital.ru/neurology/kognitivnye_narushenija_i_demencija:_kak_vovremja_raspoznat_i_profilaktirovat/1441/","title":"Когнитивные нарушения и деменция: как вовремя распознать и профилактировать - 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