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Это не просто временное ухудшение настроения или реакция на стрессовую ситуацию, а серьёзное состояние, требующее профессиональной помощи [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/depressiya-simptomy-i-5779)[12](https://Medgorod-clinic.ru/stati/kak-ponyat--chto-u-tebya-depressiya-/).\n\n## Причины\nПричины депрессии сложны и обычно включают комбинацию факторов [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/depressiya-simptomy-i-5779): \n* **Биологические**: нарушение баланса химических веществ в мозге (нейромедиаторов, таких как серотонин, норадреналин, дофамин), генетическая предрасположенность, хронические заболевания (болезни сердца, диабет, онкология), гормональные изменения [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/depressiya-simptomy-i-5779). \n* **Психологические**: особенности личности (низкая самооценка, пессимизм), длительный или сильный стресс (потеря близкого, финансовые проблемы, конфликты), психологические травмы (особенно в детстве) [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/depressiya-simptomy-i-5779). \n* **Социальные**: социальная изоляция, проблемы в отношениях, трудная жизненная ситуация, отсутствие поддержки [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/depressiya-simptomy-i-5779).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые характерные симптомы депрессии: \n* **Стойкое снижение настроения**: чувство подавленности, печали, тоски, опустошённости [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/depressiya-simptomy-i-5779). \n* **Снижение интереса или удовольствия (ангедония)**: потеря интереса к хобби, общению, работе, сексуальной жизни — ко всему, что раньше радовало [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/depressiya-simptomy-i-5779). \n* **Снижение энергии и повышенная утомляемость**: постоянное чувство усталости, «разбитости», даже после отдыха [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/depressiya-simptomy-i-5779). \n* **Нарушения сна**: бессонница (трудности с засыпанием, ранние пробуждения) или, реже, чрезмерная сонливость [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/depressiya-simptomy-i-5779). \n* **Изменения аппетита и веса**: значительная потеря аппетита и веса (без диеты) или, наоборот, усиление аппетита и прибавка в весе [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/depressiya-simptomy-i-5779). \n* **Чувство никчёмности или чрезмерной/неадекватной вины**: сильная самокритика, ощущение собственной ненужности, вины за прошлые поступки (часто необоснованное) [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/depressiya-simptomy-i-5779).\n\n## Диагностика\nПри подозрении на депрессию необходима консультация психиатра или психотерапевта [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/depressiya-simptomy-i-5779)[12](https://Medgorod-clinic.ru/stati/kak-ponyat--chto-u-tebya-depressiya-/). Диагностика включает: \n* **Клиническую беседу** — выясняются основные жалобы, психоэмоциональное состояние, уровень функционирования в социальной и профессиональной сферах [14](https://rehabfamily.com/articles/depressiya-prichiny-simptomy-stadii/). \n* **Тесты самооценки** (шкала Занга, шкала депрессии Бека, опросник Цунга) — помогают оценить степень выраженности депрессивных симптомов [15](https://xn--g1ajj1a.xn--p1ai/articles/depressiya/). \n* **Дополнительные исследования** — общий анализ крови, биохимический анализ крови, гормональный профиль, ЭКГ, УЗИ внутренних органов — для исключения соматических причин отклонения [15](https://xn--g1ajj1a.xn--p1ai/articles/depressiya/).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение депрессии зависит от типа, формы и стадии заболевания [15](https://xn--g1ajj1a.xn--p1ai/articles/depressiya/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Психотерапия** — когнитивно-поведенческая терапия (КПТ) или интерперсональная терапия (ИПТ) — помогают идентифицировать и изменить негативные мысли, поведенческие паттерны или межличностные проблемы, связанные с депрессией [18](https://doct.ru/articles/depressiya2.html). \n* **Фармакотерапия** — антидепрессанты, которые применяются для лечения, особенно в случаях средней и тяжёлой формы заболевания [18](https://doct.ru/articles/depressiya2.html). \n* **Физическая активность** — регулярные занятия спортом, прогулки или йога могут помочь снизить симптомы депрессии [18](https://doct.ru/articles/depressiya2.html). \n* **Поддержка окружающих** — общение с доверенными людьми, участие в групповых поддерживающих программах [18](https://doct.ru/articles/depressiya2.html). \n\n**Самодиагностика и самолечение недопустимы** [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/depressiya-simptomy-i-5779).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://Megapteka.ru/specials/depressiya-simptomy-i-5779","shownUrl":"https://Megapteka.ru/specials/depressiya-simptomy-i-5779","title":"Депрессия признаки и симптомы у женщин и мужчин: Клинические рекомендации по лечению","shortUrl":"Megapteka.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"Megapteka.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/narusheniya-psihiki-psihologiya/depressiya","shownUrl":"https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/narusheniya-psihiki-psihologiya/depressiya","title":"Признаки и симптомы депрессии - 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