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Чаще всего поражает ротоглотку, но нередко затрагивает гортань, бронхи, кожу и другие органы [4](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F). \n\n**Опасность** — не сама бактерия, а токсины, которые она вырабатывает [3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/difteriya/)[5](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/detskie-bolezni/diphteriya). Токсичные выделения возбудителя проникают через кровоток в другие органы и поражают сердце, сосуды, почки, нервную и выделительную системы [5](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/detskie-bolezni/diphteriya). При отсутствии своевременного лечения дифтерия может привести к летальному исходу [1](https://www.kp.ru/doctor/bolezni/difteriya-u-vzroslyh/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nЗаболевание передаётся **от человека к человеку** [3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/difteriya/)[6](https://www.smdoctor.ru/disease/difteriya/). Источником инфекции может стать как уже болеющий пациент, так и носитель, у которого нет признаков заболевания [6](https://www.smdoctor.ru/disease/difteriya/). \n\n**Пути передачи**: \n* воздушно-капельный — при кашле или чихании [2](https://lahtaclinic.ru/article/diphtheria/)[4](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F); \n* контактно-бытовой — через предметы, с которыми соприкасался больной [4](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F); \n* пищевой — через заражённые продукты (молоко, сыр и пр.) [4](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F). \n\n**Инкубационный период** — 2–10 дней [2](https://lahtaclinic.ru/article/diphtheria/). В это время симптомы могут отсутствовать, но бактерия уже выделяет токсин [2](https://lahtaclinic.ru/article/diphtheria/).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Некоторые симптомы дифтерии**: \n* слабость, недомогание, головная боль, озноб и повышение температуры максимум до 38 °C [3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/difteriya/); \n* боль при глотании [3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/difteriya/); \n* слизистые оболочки горла краснеют, на них образуется налёт серо-белого цвета в виде плёнки, которая отделяется с трудом, обнажая кровоточащую поверхность [3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/difteriya/); \n* лимфоузлы под нижней челюстью чаще всего воспаляются — они увеличиваются и становятся слегка болезненными [3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/difteriya/). \n\n**При тяжёлом течении** слизистые настолько отекают, что перекрывают дыхательные пути (круп) [10](https://apteki.medsi.ru/spravochnik-bolezney/difteriya/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Диагностикой дифтерии занимается врач-инфекционист** [10](https://apteki.medsi.ru/spravochnik-bolezney/difteriya/). Некоторые методы диагностики: \n* **Бактериологическое исследование мазка из зева** — основной метод [13](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/21853/)[14](https://okulovka.cdmed.ru/diseases/infektsionnye-bolezni/difteriya/). \n* **Серологические методы** — выявление специфических антител класса IgG к дифтерийному анатоксину [13](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/21853/). \n* **Клинический анализ крови** — вспомогательный метод, позволяет выявить лишь наличие бактериального воспаления [14](https://okulovka.cdmed.ru/diseases/infektsionnye-bolezni/difteriya/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Лечение дифтерии направлено на подавление инфекции** [10](https://apteki.medsi.ru/spravochnik-bolezney/difteriya/). После постановки диагноза определяется степень течения болезни: лёгкая форма может лечиться амбулаторно, среднетяжелая и тяжёлая требуют госпитализации [10](https://apteki.medsi.ru/spravochnik-bolezney/difteriya/). \n\n**Врач назначает**: \n* **Противодифтерийную сыворотку** — для нейтрализации токсина [2](https://lahtaclinic.ru/article/diphtheria/). \n* **Антибиотики** — для борьбы с возбудителем (через 48 часов после начала терапии человек перестаёт быть заразным) [2](https://lahtaclinic.ru/article/diphtheria/). \n\n**После лечения** необходимо провести вакцинацию для защиты от повторного заражения [2](https://lahtaclinic.ru/article/diphtheria/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.kp.ru/doctor/bolezni/difteriya-u-vzroslyh/","shownUrl":"https://www.kp.ru/doctor/bolezni/difteriya-u-vzroslyh/","title":"10+ вопросов врачу о дифтерии: что это за болезнь, как передается, зачем делать прививку","shortUrl":"kp.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"kp.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://lahtaclinic.ru/article/diphtheria/","shownUrl":"https://lahtaclinic.ru/article/diphtheria/","title":"Дифтерия или дифтерит - как передается, кто в группе риска, симптомы, диагностика и лечение","shortUrl":"lahtaclinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"lahtaclinic.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/difteriya/","shownUrl":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/difteriya/","title":"Дифтерия - что это, симптомы и признаки, профилактика и лечение","shortUrl":"gemotest.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"gemotest.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F","shownUrl":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F","title":"Дифтерия — Википедия","shortUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/detskie-bolezni/diphteriya","shownUrl":"https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/detskie-bolezni/diphteriya","title":"Дифтерия - что это за болезнь, виды, симптомы, причины, диагностика и осложнения, лечение, клинические рекомендации","shortUrl":"VIDAL.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"VIDAL.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://www.smdoctor.ru/disease/difteriya/","shownUrl":"https://www.smdoctor.ru/disease/difteriya/","title":"Дифтерия у детей: симптомы, признаки, стадии, диагностика и методы лечения в Москве","shortUrl":"smdoctor.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"smdoctor.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://OpenClinics.ru/bolezni/difteriya/","shownUrl":"https://OpenClinics.ru/bolezni/difteriya/","title":"Дифтерия: симптомы и признаки. 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