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[5](https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/pishchevoda/disfagiya/). \n\nВыделяют два вида дисфагии в зависимости от того, в каком месте нарушается прохождение пищи [1](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/disfagiya/): \n1. **Ротоглоточная** — пища тяжело проходит в пищевод [1](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/disfagiya/). \n2. **Пищеводная** — пище трудно пройти по пищеводу и попасть в желудок [1](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/disfagiya/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины дисфагии: \n* **Механические препятствия** — опухоли, стриктуры (сужения) пищевода, инородное тело в пищеводе [1](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/disfagiya/)[12](https://www.onclinic-ryazan.ru/dysphagia/). \n* **Неврологические заболевания** — инсульт, болезнь Паркинсона, рассеянный склероз, миастения [4](https://uteka.ru/articles/bolezni/disfagiya-diagnostika-i-lechenie/)[12](https://www.onclinic-ryazan.ru/dysphagia/). \n* **Мышечные расстройства** — полимиозит, дерматомиозит, амиотрофический латеральный склероз [12](https://www.onclinic-ryazan.ru/dysphagia/). \n* **Моторные нарушения** — ахалазия (снижение тонуса пищеводного сфинктера), спазм пищевода, склеродермия [12](https://www.onclinic-ryazan.ru/dysphagia/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые симптомы дисфагии: \n* сложность при проглатывании пищи — чувство застревания еды в горле или груди [12](https://www.onclinic-ryazan.ru/dysphagia/); \n* боль — дискомфорт при прохождении еды по пищеводу [12](https://www.onclinic-ryazan.ru/dysphagia/); \n* аспирация — удушье или кашель при глотании [12](https://www.onclinic-ryazan.ru/dysphagia/); \n* регургитация — попадание еды из пищевода в ротовую полость [12](https://www.onclinic-ryazan.ru/dysphagia/); \n* изменение голоса — голосовые связки раздражаются из-за аспирации, появляется хрипота после глотания [12](https://www.onclinic-ryazan.ru/dysphagia/); \n* слюнотечение — скопление слюны во рту из-за невозможности её проглотить [12](https://www.onclinic-ryazan.ru/dysphagia/).\n\n## Диагностика\nПри симптомах дисфагии необходимо обратиться к гастроэнтерологу [1](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/disfagiya/)[13](https://klinikabudzdorov.ru/diseases/disfagiya/). Врач осматривает пациента и назначает обследования, которые помогают найти причину нарушения [1](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/disfagiya/). Некоторые методы диагностики: \n* **Фарингоскопия** — осмотр глотки, неба и миндалин [1](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/disfagiya/). \n* **Эзофагография** — рентгенография пищевода с пероральным приёмом контрастного вещества [14](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_gastroenterologia/dysphagia). \n* **Эзофагогастроскопия** — исследование слизистой пищевода и кардии желудка [14](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_gastroenterologia/dysphagia).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение дисфагии зависит от её причины [1](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/disfagiya/)[15](https://wl-clinic.ru/patients/chto-takoe-disfagiya-i-kak-ee-lechat/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Диетическая терапия** — изменение текстуры и консистенции пищи, рекомендация мягкой или измельчённой пищи, а также загустителей для жидкостей [15](https://wl-clinic.ru/patients/chto-takoe-disfagiya-i-kak-ee-lechat/). \n* **Реабилитационные упражнения** — логопеды или специалисты по глотанию разрабатывают специальные упражнения, которые помогают укрепить мышцы, участвующие в процессе глотания [15](https://wl-clinic.ru/patients/chto-takoe-disfagiya-i-kak-ee-lechat/). \n* **Лекарственные препараты** — в зависимости от причины дисфагии врач может прописать препараты для расслабления мышц пищевода или уменьшения кислотного рефлюкса [15](https://wl-clinic.ru/patients/chto-takoe-disfagiya-i-kak-ee-lechat/). \n* **Хирургические методы** — например, дилатация пищевода (суженная часть пищевода расширяется с помощью специальных инструментов или баллонного катетера) [15](https://wl-clinic.ru/patients/chto-takoe-disfagiya-i-kak-ee-lechat/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/disfagiya/","shownUrl":"https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/disfagiya/","title":"Дисфагия: диагностика и лечение в статье от ГУТА КЛИНИК","shortUrl":"gutaclinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"gutaclinic.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://www.blagorc.ru/articles/disfagiya/","shownUrl":"https://www.blagorc.ru/articles/disfagiya/","title":"Дисфагия - Медицинская статья от специалистов центра реабилитации Благополучие.","shortUrl":"blagorc.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"blagorc.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://www.starclinic.ru/zabolevaniya-i-lechenie/problemy-s-glotaniem/","shownUrl":"https://www.starclinic.ru/zabolevaniya-i-lechenie/problemy-s-glotaniem/","title":"Проблемы с глотанием (дисфагия) - почему тяжело и больно глотать пищу","shortUrl":"starclinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"starclinic.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://uteka.ru/articles/bolezni/disfagiya-diagnostika-i-lechenie/","shownUrl":"https://uteka.ru/articles/bolezni/disfagiya-diagnostika-i-lechenie/","title":"Дисфагия: диагностика и лечение","shortUrl":"uteka.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"uteka.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/pishchevoda/disfagiya/","shownUrl":"https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/pishchevoda/disfagiya/","title":"Дисфагия — причины, симптомы, диагностика и лечение заболевания в «Альфа-Центр Здоровья»","shortUrl":"alfazdrav.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"alfazdrav.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://rc.mc21.ru/articles/disfagiya-simptomy-stepeni-lechenie/","shownUrl":"https://rc.mc21.ru/articles/disfagiya-simptomy-stepeni-lechenie/","title":"Дисфагия: симптомы, степени, лечение","shortUrl":"rc.mc21.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"rc.mc21.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://yusupovs.com/articles/neurology/disfagiya/","shownUrl":"https://yusupovs.com/articles/neurology/disfagiya/","title":"Дисфагия пищевода: симптомы, степени, причины и лечение дисфагии в Москве","shortUrl":"yusupovs.com","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"yusupovs.com"},{"sourceId":8,"url":"https://napopravku.ru/articles/symptoms/disfagiya/","shownUrl":"https://napopravku.ru/articles/symptoms/disfagiya/","title":"Дисфагия: симптомы и лечение у взрослых. 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