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Может возникать в любой точке желудочно-кишечного тракта: желудке, тонком или толстом кишечнике [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/dispepsiya-simptomy-i-5857). \n\nВыделяют два основных вида диспепсии [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/): \n1. **Функциональная** — не имеет чёткой анатомической причины, симптомы возникают из-за нарушений моторики желудка и кишечника, повышенной чувствительности нервных окончаний [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/). \n2. **Органическая** — связана с конкретными анатомическими или биохимическими изменениями в органах пищеварения [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/). Это могут быть язвы, гастриты, панкреатиты, заболевания жёлчного пузыря и другие патологии [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/).\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины диспепсии: \n* **Нарушения питания** — переедание, еда всухомятку, частое употребление жирной, острой или жареной пищи [5](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/). \n* **Стресс и тревожность** — нервная система влияет на работу желудка [5](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/). \n* **Приём некоторых лекарственных препаратов** — например, антибиотиков, гормональных средств, нестероидных противовоспалительных средств [8](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/dispepsiya/). \n* **Другие заболевания ЖКТ** — гастрит, язва, панкреатит, желчнокаменная болезнь [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые симптомы диспепсии: \n* боль или жжение в верхней части живота [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/); \n* ощущение переполненности желудка [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/); \n* вздутие живота [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/); \n* тошнота, которая может усиливаться после еды [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/); \n* изжога [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/); \n* отрыжка, иногда с кислым или горьким привкусом [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/); \n* рвота, особенно после еды [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/). \n\nСимптомы могут быть временными или носить хронический характер [3](https://ProBolezny.ru/dispepsiya/).\n\n## Диагностика\nПри появлении симптомов диспепсии необходимо обратиться к гастроэнтерологу [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/)[11](https://doct.ru/diseases/dispepsiya.html). Врач проведёт комплексное обследование, чтобы определить причины состояния [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/). Некоторые методы диагностики: \n* **Сбор анамнеза** — врач расспрашивает о симптомах, их продолжительности, образе жизни, питании, принимаемых лекарствах [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/). \n* **Физикальное обследование** — осмотр, пальпация живота [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/). \n* **Лабораторные исследования** — общий анализ крови, биохимический анализ крови (печёночные пробы), анализ кала на скрытую кровь [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/). \n* **Инструментальные исследования** — гастроскопия (ФГДС), УЗИ органов брюшной полости, рентгенологическое исследование желудка с контрастным веществом [2](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/dispepsiya/).\n\n## Лечение\nТерапия диспепсии направлена на устранение причины и улучшение качества жизни пациента [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/dispepsiya-simptomy-i-5857). 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