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В отличие от большого депрессивного эпизода, при дистимии симптомы выражены менее остро, но могут быть постоянными [3](https://medixem.ru/spravochnik/distimia/). \n\nСогласно классификации заболеваний МКБ-10, дистимия обозначается кодом F34.1 — как хроническое аффективное расстройство, проявляющееся устойчивым снижением настроения на протяжении двух лет и более [3](https://medixem.ru/spravochnik/distimia/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые возможные симптомы дистимии: \n* **Подавленное настроение** — чувство грусти, уныния и безнадёжности, которое не проходит длительное время [1](https://doctornik.ru/chto-lechim/distimiya). \n* **Потеря интереса к жизни** — утрата удовольствия от занятий, которые раньше приносили радость, снижение мотивации к достижению целей [1](https://doctornik.ru/chto-lechim/distimiya). \n* **Снижение самооценки и уверенности в себе** — частые сомнения в собственных способностях, ощущение собственной никчёмности и бесполезности [1](https://doctornik.ru/chto-lechim/distimiya). \n* **Изменения в аппетите и весе** — увеличение или снижение аппетита, набор или потеря веса [1](https://doctornik.ru/chto-lechim/distimiya). \n* **Нарушения сна** — проблемы с засыпанием, частые пробуждения ночью или, наоборот, повышенная сонливость в течение дня [1](https://doctornik.ru/chto-lechim/distimiya). \n* **Утомляемость и снижение энергии** — постоянная усталость, отсутствие сил для выполнения повседневных задач и снижение работоспособности [1](https://doctornik.ru/chto-lechim/distimiya). \n* **Проблемы с концентрацией и принятием решений** — снижение способности сосредоточиться, забывчивость и трудности с принятием даже несложных решений [1](https://doctornik.ru/chto-lechim/distimiya).\n\n## Причины\nЕдиной причины развития дистимии нет, но считается, что это результат взаимодействия различных факторов [2](https://mementoclinic.ru/uslugi/rasstroystva-nastroeniya/distimiya/). Некоторые из них: \n* **Генетическая предрасположенность** — у людей, чьи родственники страдали от депрессии или тревожных расстройств, дистимия встречается чаще [3](https://medixem.ru/spravochnik/distimia/). \n* **Психологические факторы** — стресс, травматичные события в детстве или взрослой жизни, склонность к негативному мышлению [1](https://doctornik.ru/chto-lechim/distimiya). \n* **Социально-экономические факторы** — неблагоприятные условия жизни, низкий уровень дохода, социальная изоляция и отсутствие поддержки со стороны окружающих [1](https://doctornik.ru/chto-lechim/distimiya).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагностика дистимии обычно проводится психиатром или психотерапевтом на основе интервью и оценки симптомов [5](https://semeynaya.ru/directions/psikhiatriya/distimiya/). Для постановки диагноза необходимо, чтобы симптомы были присутствующими большую часть времени в течение двух лет (одного года для детей и подростков) и чтобы они не были связаны с другими медицинскими или психиатрическими заболеваниями [5](https://semeynaya.ru/directions/psikhiatriya/distimiya/).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение дистимии подбирается индивидуально, в зависимости от выраженности симптомов, сопутствующих расстройств и мотивации пациента [3](https://medixem.ru/spravochnik/distimia/). 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