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Заболевание может протекать в острой или хронической форме [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/): \n* **Острый энтерит** — развивается быстро, симптомы ярко выражены [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/). Чаще всего имеет инфекционную природу [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/). \n* **Хронический энтерит** — следствие недолеченного острого процесса или развивается на фоне других заболеваний ЖКТ [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/). Для него характерны длительное течение с чередованием обострений и ремиссий [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/).\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины энтерита: \n* **Инфекционные**: бактерии (сальмонеллы, шигеллы, кишечная палочка, стафилококки), вирусы (ротавирусная и норовирусная инфекции), простейшие (лямблии, амебы) [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/). \n* **Неинфекционные**: алиментарные (злоупотребление острой, жирной, жареной пищей, алкоголем), токсические (отравление тяжёлыми металлами, ядовитыми грибами), аллергические (пищевая аллергия на определённые продукты) [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/). \n* **Механические**: травмы живота или последствия хирургических вмешательств [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/).\n\n## Симптомы\nКлиническая картина энтерита может варьироваться в зависимости от его формы и причины возникновения [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/). Некоторые симптомы: \n* **Боль в животе** — как правило, локализуется в околопупочной области, может быть ноющей, тупой или схваткообразной [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/). \n* **Диарея** — стул становится частым (от 3–5 до 15–20 раз в сутки), водянистым, иногда с примесью непереваренной пищи [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/). \n* **Тошнота и рвота** — часто сопровождают острую форму заболевания, особенно инфекционного происхождения [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/). \n* **Метеоризм и урчание в животе** — связаны с нарушением процессов пищеварения и повышенным газообразованием [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/). \n* **Симптомы общей интоксикации**: слабость, головная боль, повышение температуры тела, озноб, ломота в мышцах [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/). \n\nПри хроническом течении к этим симптомам присоединяются признаки нарушения всасывания питательных веществ: потеря веса, сухость кожи, ломкость ногтей и волос, признаки гиповитаминоза [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля постановки точного диагноза и выявления причины энтерита необходим комплексный подход [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/). Некоторые методы диагностики: \n* **Сбор анамнеза** — врач собирает информацию о симптомах, их продолжительности, недавних поездках, употреблении пищи и контактах с больными людьми [11](https://academ18.ru/zabolevaniya/enterit/). \n* **Физикальное обследование** — осмотр живота, пальпация для выявления болезненности, вздутия и других признаков воспаления [11](https://academ18.ru/zabolevaniya/enterit/). \n* **Лабораторные исследования** — общий анализ крови, биохимический анализ крови, анализ кала (микроскопическое исследование, бактериологическое исследование и др.) [11](https://academ18.ru/zabolevaniya/enterit/). \n* **Инструментальные методы** — эндоскопия, рентгенография, ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ), компьютерная томография (КТ) [11](https://academ18.ru/zabolevaniya/enterit/).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение энтерита направлено на устранение симптомов, восстановление водно-электролитного баланса и предотвращение осложнений [11](https://academ18.ru/zabolevaniya/enterit/). Некоторые подходы к лечению: \n* **Регидратация** — обильное питьё жидкости, в тяжёлых случаях — внутривенное введение лекарственных растворов [2](https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/gastroenterologiya/enterit/). \n* **Средства, влияющие на причину патологии** — антимикробные, иногда противовирусные препараты [2](https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/gastroenterologiya/enterit/). \n* **Симптоматические препараты** — спазмолитики [2](https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/gastroenterologiya/enterit/). \n* **Диета** — щадящая еда, отказ от потребления жиров и углеводов [3](https://polyclinika.ru/tech/enterit-simptomy-i-lechenie/). \n\nПри подозрении на воспаление тонкой кишки необходимо обратиться к гастроэнтерологу [2](https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/gastroenterologiya/enterit/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/","shownUrl":"https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/enterit/","title":"Энтерит: симптомы, диагностика, профилактика и лечение","shortUrl":"mos-clinics.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mos-clinics.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/gastroenterologiya/enterit/","shownUrl":"https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/gastroenterologiya/enterit/","title":"Энтерит — причины, симптомы и лечение в клинике «Альфа-Центр Здоровья»","shortUrl":"alfazdrav.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"alfazdrav.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://polyclinika.ru/tech/enterit-simptomy-i-lechenie/","shownUrl":"https://polyclinika.ru/tech/enterit-simptomy-i-lechenie/","title":"Энтерит - 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