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Специалист занимается диагностикой, лечением и реабилитацией нарушений голоса и речи у детей и взрослых [1](https://lorlor.ru/services/priem-foniatra/)[6](https://lorlor.ru/articles/foniatriya/). В его компетенцию входят заболевания гортани, голосовых связок и других структур, участвующих в голосообразовании [7](https://clinic-abc.ru/otorinolaringologiya/priem-vracha-foniatra/).\n\n\n\n## Заболевания\nНекоторые патологии, которые лечит фониатр: \n* **Ларингит** — воспаление слизистой оболочки гортани [3](https://www.ckbran.ru/clinic/doctor-consult/foniatr). Сопровождается покашливанием, першением в горле [3](https://www.ckbran.ru/clinic/doctor-consult/foniatr). \n* **Доброкачественные новообразования** — узелки голосовых складок, полипы, ангиомы, гранулемы [3](https://www.ckbran.ru/clinic/doctor-consult/foniatr). \n* **Функциональные заболевания** — нарушения голоса, связанные с чрезмерной нагрузкой, образом жизни, эндокринными нарушениями, вредными привычками, стрессом [3](https://www.ckbran.ru/clinic/doctor-consult/foniatr). Например, фонастения (снижение силы, быстрое утомление), дисфония (нарушение правильного смыкания связок) [3](https://www.ckbran.ru/clinic/doctor-consult/foniatr). \n* **Проблемы с голосовыми связками после травм и операций** [5](https://www.gmshospital.ru/specialists/foniatr/). \n* **Профессиональные заболевания голосового аппарата** — например, у певцов, актёров, преподавателей, дикторов [5](https://www.gmshospital.ru/specialists/foniatr/)[7](https://clinic-abc.ru/otorinolaringologiya/priem-vracha-foniatra/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля точной постановки диагноза фониатр использует комплексный подход, включающий как традиционные, так и высокотехнологичные методы [7](https://clinic-abc.ru/otorinolaringologiya/priem-vracha-foniatra/). Некоторые из них: \n* **Эндоскопия гортани** — с помощью гибкого или жёсткого эндоскопа врач рассматривает голосовые связки и окружающие ткани в деталях [7](https://clinic-abc.ru/otorinolaringologiya/priem-vracha-foniatra/). \n* **Акустический анализ голоса** — с использованием специального оборудования оцениваются параметры звука: высота, тембр, сила, стабильность, уровень дрожания и наличие диссонанса [7](https://clinic-abc.ru/otorinolaringologiya/priem-vracha-foniatra/). \n* **Электромиография** — исследование, при котором регистрируются электрические сигналы мышц гортани во время произнесения звуков [7](https://clinic-abc.ru/otorinolaringologiya/priem-vracha-foniatra/).\n\n## Лечение\nВыбор метода лечения зависит от характера нарушения, его причины и индивидуальных особенностей пациента [7](https://clinic-abc.ru/otorinolaringologiya/priem-vracha-foniatra/). Некоторые методы, которые может назначить фониатр: \n* **Медикаментозная терапия** — лекарства для снятия воспаления, устранения инфекции или смягчения симптомов голосовых нарушений [1](https://lorlor.ru/services/priem-foniatra/). \n* **Физиотерапия** — специальные процедуры, направленные на укрепление голосовых связок, улучшение дыхания и расслабление мышц гортани [1](https://lorlor.ru/services/priem-foniatra/). \n* **Хирургическое вмешательство** — при необходимости, например, для удаления полипов, кист, опухолей [1](https://lorlor.ru/services/priem-foniatra/).\n\n## Реабилитация\nВрач-фониатр разрабатывает **голосовые упражнения и техники**, направленные на укрепление голосовых связок, улучшение дыхательной функции и восстановление нормального тембра голоса [14](https://lorlor.ru/services/golosovaya-reabilitatsiya/). 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