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Также фтизиатр может лечить другие серьёзные заболевания, связанные с активностью возбудителя, и заниматься реабилитацией пациентов после лечения [1](https://citilab.clinic/ftiziatriya.php)[3](https://medcentr-sitimed.ru/priem-vrachej/ftiziatr/)[6](https://www.krasbionika.ru/uslugi/priem-ftiziatora/).\n\n## Заболевания\n**Основное внимание фтизиатра** сосредоточено на туберкулёзе, который чаще всего поражает лёгкие, но может затрагивать и другие органы: лимфатические узлы, кости, суставы и даже мягкие оболочки мозга (туберкулёзный менингит) [1](https://citilab.clinic/ftiziatriya.php)[4](https://www.fdoctor.ru/ftiziatr/). \n\n**Кроме туберкулёза**, фтизиатр занимается диагностикой и лечением: \n* саркоидоза [1](https://citilab.clinic/ftiziatriya.php)[4](https://www.fdoctor.ru/ftiziatr/); \n* лепры (в России встречается крайне редко) [1](https://citilab.clinic/ftiziatriya.php)[4](https://www.fdoctor.ru/ftiziatr/). \n\n**Важно**: фтизиатры не занимаются лечением всех лёгочных заболеваний, а только тех, которые связаны с активностью возбудителя и другими инфекционными поражениями органов дыхания [3](https://medcentr-sitimed.ru/priem-vrachej/ftiziatr/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля выявления заболеваний фтизиатр может назначить: \n* **Рентгенографию органов грудной клетки** — для оценки состояния лёгких [6](https://www.krasbionika.ru/uslugi/priem-ftiziatora/). \n* **Бактериологическое исследование мокроты** — для подтверждения наличия туберкулёзной инфекции и определения её чувствительности к антибиотикам [6](https://www.krasbionika.ru/uslugi/priem-ftiziatora/). \n* **Пробу Манту или диаскинтест** — для определения наличия туберкулёзной инфекции в организме [6](https://www.krasbionika.ru/uslugi/priem-ftiziatora/)[17](https://novotroitskaya14.gosuslugi.ru/netcat_files/userfiles/3/zozh/Profilaktika_tuberkuleza_statya.pdf). \n* **Анализы крови и мочи** — вспомогательные методы, необходимы для оценки состояния, а не диагностики инфекции [9](https://pmu.dcli.ru/articles/sposoby-diagnostiki-tuberkulyeza/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Если подтверждается туберкулёз**, фтизиатр разрабатывает индивидуальный план лечения [6](https://www.krasbionika.ru/uslugi/priem-ftiziatora/). Он может включать: \n* **Химиотерапию** — основной компонент лечения, направлен на уничтожение или подавление размножения микобактерий туберкулёза [14](https://iopd.ru/sites/default/files/pdf/prakticheskiy-sparavochnik-po-tuberkulezu-rof_2023.pdf)[15](https://www.akrikhin.ru/upload/iblock/feb/feb20e7c344931863a7a93e3be2712f8.pdf). \n* **Патогенетическую терапию** — направлена на повышение эффективности лечения за счёт применения средств, воздействующих на состояние различных систем организма [14](https://iopd.ru/sites/default/files/pdf/prakticheskiy-sparavochnik-po-tuberkulezu-rof_2023.pdf). \n* **Хирургическое лечение** — дополнительный метод, назначается по показаниям [14](https://iopd.ru/sites/default/files/pdf/prakticheskiy-sparavochnik-po-tuberkulezu-rof_2023.pdf)[15](https://www.akrikhin.ru/upload/iblock/feb/feb20e7c344931863a7a93e3be2712f8.pdf). \n\n**После основного лечения** в течение года проводится поддерживающая терапия — приём препаратов, подавляющих микобактерии, а также общеукрепляющие мероприятия (в том числе физиотерапию и лечебную физкультуру) [4](https://www.fdoctor.ru/ftiziatr/).\n\n## Профилактика\n**Фтизиатр рекомендует**: \n* **Ежегодное флюорографическое обследование** — для раннего выявления болезни [16](https://health.pnzreg.ru/news/obshchestvo/22329/). \n* **Избегание тесных контактов** с кашляющими людьми в местах общественного скопления [16](https://health.pnzreg.ru/news/obshchestvo/22329/). \n* **Профилактическую химиотерапию** — приём противотуберкулёзных препаратов при тесном контакте с человеком, больным туберкулёзом лёгких, или людям, инфицированным микобактериями туберкулёза (положительная реакция на диаскинтест) [12](https://ProBolezny.ru/tuberkulez-legochnyy/)[17](https://novotroitskaya14.gosuslugi.ru/netcat_files/userfiles/3/zozh/Profilaktika_tuberkuleza_statya.pdf).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://citilab.clinic/ftiziatriya.php","shownUrl":"https://citilab.clinic/ftiziatriya.php","title":"Фтизиатр в Самаре в клинике МКС. 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