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Возникает во время внутриутробного развития на месте стыка пупка и нормальной кожи, чаще справа [2](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81)[9](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/gastroshizis). \n\nВыделяют две формы гастрошизиса [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/gastroshizis/): \n1. **Простая** — изолированный порок, размер дефектного отверстия — 2–5 см, отверстие может быть круглым или овальным [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/gastroshizis/). Петли кишечника, выпавшего в отверстие, часто отёчны, вздуты, со спайками [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/gastroshizis/). \n2. **Осложнённая** — сопровождается развитием вторичных патологий, например, дивертикула, стеноза или перфорации (прободения стенок) кишечника [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/gastroshizis/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nТочную причину развития гастрошизиса сложно определить, но существуют факторы, увеличивающие риск формирования дефекта [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/gastroshizis/)[9](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/gastroshizis). Некоторые из них: \n* употребление алкоголя, наркотиков и табачных изделий во время беременности [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/gastroshizis/)[9](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/gastroshizis); \n* инфекции в период беременности [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/gastroshizis/)[9](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/gastroshizis); \n* молодой возраст матери (до 21 года) [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/gastroshizis/)[9](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/gastroshizis). \n\nСуществует теория о генетической предрасположенности, но наследственные случаи составляют не более 4% [7](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/children/gastroschisis).\n\n## Симптомы\n* **Визуально заметный дефект** в брюшной стенке, через который видны выступающие наружу органы [9](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/gastroshizis)[10](https://kirsanovkids.ru/napravleniya/poroki-peredney-brushnoy-stenki/gastroshizis/). \n* **Проблемы с пищеварением** — в зависимости от степени выступления органов и их состояния новорождённый может испытывать трудности с пищеварением и усвоением питательных веществ [9](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/gastroshizis)[10](https://kirsanovkids.ru/napravleniya/poroki-peredney-brushnoy-stenki/gastroshizis/). \n* **Риск инфекций** — выступающие органы подвержены риску инфекций, поскольку находятся вне защитной среды брюшной полости [9](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/gastroshizis)[10](https://kirsanovkids.ru/napravleniya/poroki-peredney-brushnoy-stenki/gastroshizis/). \n* **Проблемы с питанием и ростом** — новорождённые с гастрошизисом могут испытывать задержку в росте и развитии из-за недостаточного питания и проблем с усвоением пищи [9](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/gastroshizis)[10](https://kirsanovkids.ru/napravleniya/poroki-peredney-brushnoy-stenki/gastroshizis/).\n\n## Диагностика\n* **Пренатальная диагностика** — основным методом внутриутробного исследования плода является УЗИ [9](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/gastroshizis). Уже на 10-й неделе гестации удаётся выявить дефект передней брюшной стенки и заподозрить развитие гастрошизиса [9](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/gastroshizis). Окончательный диагноз выставляется на 13–14 неделях [9](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/gastroshizis). \n* **Постнатальная диагностика** — гастрошизис устанавливается только на основе осмотра акушером и неонатологом или педиатром [9](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/gastroshizis). Визуально определяется эвентрация кишечника через дефект передней брюшной стенки [9](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/gastroshizis).\n\n## Лечение\n**Основной метод лечения** — **хирургическое вмешательство** [3](https://xn--d1abuo3e.xn--p1ai/diseases/gastroshizis/). Цель — возврат выброшенных кишечных петель обратно в брюшную полость и пластика передней стенки [3](https://xn--d1abuo3e.xn--p1ai/diseases/gastroshizis/). \n\nПрименяются два метода [3](https://xn--d1abuo3e.xn--p1ai/diseases/gastroshizis/): \n1. **Первичная пластика** — немедленное возвращение кишечника в брюшную полость с использованием тканей ребёнка для закрытия дефекта [3](https://xn--d1abuo3e.xn--p1ai/diseases/gastroshizis/). Однако этот способ может вызвать повышенное внутрибрюшное давление и осложнения, включая тромбоз и некроз [3](https://xn--d1abuo3e.xn--p1ai/diseases/gastroshizis/). \n2. **Отсроченная пластика** — создание временного экстраабдоминального мешка, в котором органы постепенно возвращаются в брюшную полость с использованием различных биологических и синтетических материалов [3](https://xn--d1abuo3e.xn--p1ai/diseases/gastroshizis/). \n\n**Прогноз** зависит от степени повреждения кишечника, наличия сопутствующих заболеваний и пороков внутриутробного развития, а также от качественного и своевременного хирургического вмешательства [3](https://xn--d1abuo3e.xn--p1ai/diseases/gastroshizis/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://mc21.ru/articles/gastroshizis/","shownUrl":"https://mc21.ru/articles/gastroshizis/","title":"Гастрошизис: причины, рекомендации и когда последствия приводят к необходимости операции","shortUrl":"mc21.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mc21.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81","shownUrl":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81","title":"Гастрошизис — Википедия","shortUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://xn--d1abuo3e.xn--p1ai/diseases/gastroshizis/","shownUrl":"https://xn--d1abuo3e.xn--p1ai/diseases/gastroshizis/","title":"Гастрошизис: причины, симптомы, диагностика, лечение","shortUrl":"медэп.рф","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"медэп.рф"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://diseases.medelement.com/disease/%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81-%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7/14861","shownUrl":"https://diseases.medelement.com/disease/%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81-%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7/14861","title":"Гастрошизис. 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