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Развивается из зародышевых клеток в любой части организма, но чаще всего обнаруживается в **головном мозге** [1](https://www.Assuta-clinic.org/nejroxirurgiya-v-izraele/germinoma/)[2](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/germinoma). \n\n**Локализация**: обычно герминомы формируются в области гипофиза или эпифиза (пинеальной железы), реже — в других участках ЦНС [5](https://LGK-Russia.ru/forspecialists/indications/gemangiopericitomy/). \n\n**В большинстве случаев** герминомы диагностируются в детском или подростковом возрасте: эти новообразования составляют около 4% первичных опухолей головного мозга у детей [1](https://www.Assuta-clinic.org/nejroxirurgiya-v-izraele/germinoma/)[2](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/germinoma).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nТочная причина возникновения герминомы неизвестна [1](https://www.Assuta-clinic.org/nejroxirurgiya-v-izraele/germinoma/). Некоторые факторы, которые, по некоторым представлениям, провоцируют нарушения: \n* воздействие радиации на организм матери [2](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/germinoma)[4](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0); \n* интоксикация лекарственными и иными веществами [2](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/germinoma)[4](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0); \n* влияние канцерогенных и токсических веществ [2](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/germinoma)[4](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0); \n* инфекционные поражения (тяжёлые формы гриппа, корь, герпес, хламидиоз) [2](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/germinoma)[4](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0).\n\n## Симптомы\nПризнаки герминомы головного мозга различаются в зависимости от размера и расположения опухоли [10](https://together.stjude.org/ru-ru/onkozabolevaniya-u-detej/vidy/opuholi-golovnogo-spinnogo-mozga/germinogennye-opukholi-golovnogo-mozga.html). Некоторые симптомы: \n* **Головная боль** распирающего характера [7](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_neurology/germinoma). \n* **Чувство давления в глазах** [7](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_neurology/germinoma). \n* **Тошнота и рвота** [7](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_neurology/germinoma). \n* **Зрительные нарушения**: снижение остроты зрения, двоение, дефекты полей зрения [7](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_neurology/germinoma). \n* **Расстройства психо-эмоциональной сферы** и нарушения памяти [7](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_neurology/germinoma). \n* **Нейроэндокринные синдромы**: несахарный диабет, пангипопитуитаризм, нарушения менструального цикла [7](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_neurology/germinoma).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля диагностики герминомы проводят комплексное обследование с участием врачей различных специальностей: неврологов, нейроонкологов, нейрохирургов, эндокринологов, радиологов и других [1](https://www.Assuta-clinic.org/nejroxirurgiya-v-izraele/germinoma/)[2](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/germinoma). Большое значение для точной диагностики имеет **биопсия опухоли** — забор образца тканей для определения типа раковых клеток и их злокачественности [1](https://www.Assuta-clinic.org/nejroxirurgiya-v-izraele/germinoma/)[2](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/germinoma).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение герминомы зависит от гистологического типа и расположения опухоли [14](https://wiki.nenaprasno.ru/a/lechenie-germinogenno-kletochnykh-opukholei-tsns). В большинстве случаев используют **сочетание нейрохирургической операции, химиотерапии и/или лучевой терапии** [14](https://wiki.nenaprasno.ru/a/lechenie-germinogenno-kletochnykh-opukholei-tsns). \n\n**Лучевая терапия**: если опухоль локальная (нет метастазов), проводят облучение места первичной опухоли и желудочковой системы головного мозга [14](https://wiki.nenaprasno.ru/a/lechenie-germinogenno-kletochnykh-opukholei-tsns). При метастатических опухолях используют краниоспинальное облучение [14](https://wiki.nenaprasno.ru/a/lechenie-germinogenno-kletochnykh-opukholei-tsns). \n\n**Химиотерапия**: может использоваться в комбинации с лучевой терапией [2](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/germinoma). Использование только химиотерапии без лучевой терапии неэффективно и приводит к рецидивам [14](https://wiki.nenaprasno.ru/a/lechenie-germinogenno-kletochnykh-opukholei-tsns).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.Assuta-clinic.org/nejroxirurgiya-v-izraele/germinoma/","shownUrl":"https://www.Assuta-clinic.org/nejroxirurgiya-v-izraele/germinoma/","title":"Лечение герминомы в Израиле, цены 2025 | Клиника Ассута","shortUrl":"Assuta-clinic.org","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"Assuta-clinic.org"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/germinoma","shownUrl":"https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/germinoma","title":"Герминома - симптомы, причины и лечение","shortUrl":"yandex.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"yandex.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://ru.ruwiki.ru/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0","shownUrl":"https://ru.ruwiki.ru/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0","title":"Герминома — Рувики: Интернет-энциклопедия","shortUrl":"ru.ruwiki.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"ru.ruwiki.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0","shownUrl":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0","title":"Герминома — Википедия","shortUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://LGK-Russia.ru/forspecialists/indications/gemangiopericitomy/","shownUrl":"https://LGK-Russia.ru/forspecialists/indications/gemangiopericitomy/","title":"Лечение гемангиоперицитомы, герминомы и опухолей пинеальной области гамма-ножом в Москве | Центр радиогирургии","shortUrl":"LGK-Russia.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"LGK-Russia.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://mrt-vmsk.ru/blog-germinoma-golovnogo-mozga/","shownUrl":"https://mrt-vmsk.ru/blog-germinoma-golovnogo-mozga/","title":"Герминома головного мозга - симптомы и диагностика","shortUrl":"mrt-vmsk.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mrt-vmsk.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_neurology/germinoma","shownUrl":"https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_neurology/germinoma","title":"Герминома головного мозга - причины, симптомы, диагностика и лечение","shortUrl":"KrasotaiMedicina.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"KrasotaiMedicina.ru"},{"sourceId":8,"url":"https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/56686/","shownUrl":"https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/56686/","title":"Герминогенные опухоли - причины появления, симптомы заболевания, диагностика и способы лечения","shortUrl":"invitro.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"invitro.ru"},{"sourceId":9,"url":"https://www.niioncologii.ru/highlights/vidy/germinogennye-opuholi","shownUrl":"https://www.niioncologii.ru/highlights/vidy/germinogennye-opuholi","title":"Герминогенные опухоли","shortUrl":"niioncologii.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"niioncologii.ru"},{"sourceId":10,"url":"https://together.stjude.org/ru-ru/onkozabolevaniya-u-detej/vidy/opuholi-golovnogo-spinnogo-mozga/germinogennye-opukholi-golovnogo-mozga.html","shownUrl":"https://together.stjude.org/ru-ru/onkozabolevaniya-u-detej/vidy/opuholi-golovnogo-spinnogo-mozga/germinogennye-opukholi-golovnogo-mozga.html","title":"Герминогенные опухоли (головного мозга) у детей и подростков - вместе by St. Jude","shortUrl":"together.stjude.org","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"together.stjude.org"},{"sourceId":11,"url":"https://wiki.nenaprasno.ru/a/germinogenno-kletochnye-opukholi-tsns","shownUrl":"https://wiki.nenaprasno.ru/a/germinogenno-kletochnye-opukholi-tsns","title":"Онко Вики - Герминогенно-клеточные опухоли ЦНС","shortUrl":"wiki.nenaprasno.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"wiki.nenaprasno.ru"},{"sourceId":12,"url":"https://onco-life.ru/ob-onkologii/detskaya-onkologia/detskaya-diagnoz-ot-a-do-ya/post/germinogennye-opuholi-u-detej","shownUrl":"https://onco-life.ru/ob-onkologii/detskaya-onkologia/detskaya-diagnoz-ot-a-do-ya/post/germinogennye-opuholi-u-detej","title":"Детская онкология: герминогенные опухоли у детей. 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