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Заболевание может быть врождённым (обусловлено наследственными или генетическими факторами) и приобретённым (возникает в результате воздействия внешних причин) [1](https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/urologiya/gidronefroz/). \n\nВыделяют **односторонний** (поражает только одну почку) и **двусторонний** (заболевание затрагивает обе почки) гидронефроз [1](https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/urologiya/gidronefroz/)[7](https://ProBolezny.ru/gidronefroz/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины гидронефроза: \n* **Обструктивные причины внутри мочевыводящей системы**: камни в мочевыводящих путях, сужение (стеноз) мочеточника, опухоли, врождённые аномалии развития мочевыводящих путей [4](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/54419/). \n* **Функциональные причины**: неврогенные нарушения, мочевой рефлюкс (обратный ток мочи из мочевого пузыря в почки) [4](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/54419/). \n* **Внешние причины**: беременность (увеличение матки, особенно на поздних сроках), опухоли или образования в брюшной полости [4](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/54419/).\n\n## Симптомы\nПроявления гидронефроза зависят от стадии заболевания и индивидуальных особенностей организма [1](https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/urologiya/gidronefroz/). Некоторые симптомы: \n* тупая или приступообразная боль в поясничной области [12](https://doct.ru/diseases/gidronefroz-pochki.html); \n* ощущение тяжести и дискомфорта на стороне поражённой почки [12](https://doct.ru/diseases/gidronefroz-pochki.html); \n* периодическое появление крови в моче (гематурия) [12](https://doct.ru/diseases/gidronefroz-pochki.html); \n* повышение температуры — при присоединении инфекции [12](https://doct.ru/diseases/gidronefroz-pochki.html); \n* при двусторонней форме — выраженные симптомы почечной недостаточности (слабость, жажда, снижение выделения мочи) [12](https://doct.ru/diseases/gidronefroz-pochki.html).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля постановки точного диагноза требуется комплексное обследование [12](https://doct.ru/diseases/gidronefroz-pochki.html). Некоторые методы: \n* **Ультразвуковая диагностика** — позволяет увидеть расширение лоханки, толщину паренхимы и оценить функциональные нарушения [12](https://doct.ru/diseases/gidronefroz-pochki.html). \n* **КТ и МРТ** — уточняют локализацию обструкции, степень расширения и связь с соседними органами и сосудами [12](https://doct.ru/diseases/gidronefroz-pochki.html). \n* **Рентген (экскреторная урография)** — показывает задержку контраста в мочевой системе [12](https://doct.ru/diseases/gidronefroz-pochki.html). \n* **Лабораторные исследования**: анализ мочи выявляет кровь, белок или признаки воспаления, биохимия крови оценивает работу почек [12](https://doct.ru/diseases/gidronefroz-pochki.html).\n\n## Лечение\nТактика лечения гидронефроза зависит от причины, степени расширения лоханки и состояния паренхимы [12](https://doct.ru/diseases/gidronefroz-pochki.html). Основные цели — восстановить нормальный отток мочи и сохранить функцию органа [12](https://doct.ru/diseases/gidronefroz-pochki.html). \n\n**В некоторых случаях** применяется консервативная терапия: противовоспалительные, антибактериальные, обезболивающие, спазмолитические и другие препараты [1](https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/urologiya/gidronefroz/). **В других случаях** необходимо оперативное вмешательство [1](https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/urologiya/gidronefroz/). 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