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Представляет собой капсулу, заполненную вязкой жидкостью с примесью белка фибрина и слизи [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-gigromy-5812). \n\nЧаще всего гигромы образуются: \n* **На руках**: в области запястья, лучезапястного сустава, пальцев [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-gigromy-5812). \n* **На ногах**: на тыльной стороне стопы, в области голеностопа, под коленом (киста Бейкера) [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-gigromy-5812). \n\n**Опасности для жизни и здоровья** гигрома не представляет, так как не перерождается в злокачественную опухоль [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-gigromy-5812).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nТочные причины возникновения гигромы до конца не установлены, но выделяют несколько факторов, которые могут способствовать её появлению [4](https://duetclinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/): \n* **Травмы и повреждения суставов** — частые повреждения или микротравмы [4](https://duetclinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/). \n* **Чрезмерные нагрузки на суставы** — люди, часто подвергающиеся сильным физическим нагрузкам, более подвержены гигромам [4](https://duetclinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/). \n* **Наследственность** — в некоторых случаях генетическая предрасположенность может сыграть роль в развитии заболевания [4](https://duetclinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/). \n* **Микротравмы и хроническое напряжение** — повторяющиеся нагрузки на один и тот же сустав [4](https://duetclinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНа начальных стадиях гигрома обычно не вызывает ощущений [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-gigromy-5812). **Некоторые признаки**: \n* появление округлой, эластичной шишки под кожей в области сустава [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-gigromy-5812); \n* кожа над образованием может шелушиться или краснеть [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-gigromy-5812); \n* киста сначала не болит и не мешает движению [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-gigromy-5812); \n* при увеличении размеров может возникать онемение, покалывание, дискомфорт или боль [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-gigromy-5812); \n* в запущенных случаях — ограничение подвижности сустава [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-gigromy-5812). \n\n**Если гигрома случайно травмируется или лопается**, то содержимое может попасть в окружающие ткани и вызвать воспаление, вплоть до нагноения [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-gigromy-5812).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагностикой гигромы занимаются врачи-хирурги и ортопеды-травматологи [5](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/gigroma/). **Некоторые методы диагностики**: \n* **Осмотр и пальпация** — врач оценивает размер, консистенцию, подвижность [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/). \n* **УЗИ** — определяет структуру, связь с суставом [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/). \n* **МРТ** — при подозрении на глубокое расположение [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/). \n* **Пункция** — забор жидкости для анализа (исключение инфекции) [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/).\n\n## Лечение\n**В большинстве случаев гигрома не требует лечения**, если она не вызывает болей или ограничений в движении [4](https://duetclinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/). **Однако если образование растёт, вызывает дискомфорт или мешает нормальной активности**, может быть рекомендовано лечение [4](https://duetclinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/): \n* **Консервативное лечение** — наложение компрессов для уменьшения воспаления, применение противовоспалительных препаратов для снятия боли и отёчности, ограничение физических нагрузок на поражённую область [4](https://duetclinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/). \n* **Хирургическое вмешательство** — операция по удалению гигромы, особенно если образование вызывает сильный дискомфорт или повторяется [4](https://duetclinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/). \n\n**Лекарственные препараты** (таблетки или мази) при гигроме не применяются [1](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-gigromy-5812).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-gigromy-5812","shownUrl":"https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-gigromy-5812","title":"Гигрома: Причины, симптомы, диагностика, лечение","shortUrl":"Megapteka.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"Megapteka.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://PhleboCentr.ru/zabolevaniya/gigroma/","shownUrl":"https://PhleboCentr.ru/zabolevaniya/gigroma/","title":"Гигрома: что это такое, как выглядит и как лечить | Областной центр флебологии","shortUrl":"PhleboCentr.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"PhleboCentr.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/","shownUrl":"https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/","title":"Гигрома: причины, симптомы, диагностика и лечение в Москве | «Бест Клиник»","shortUrl":"BestClinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"BestClinic.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://duetclinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/","shownUrl":"https://duetclinic.ru/diseases/gigroma/","title":"Гигрома: симптомы, причины и лечение | «Дуэт Клиник»","shortUrl":"duetclinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"duetclinic.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/gigroma/","shownUrl":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/gigroma/","title":"Гигрома - причины и симптомы, диагностика и лечение","shortUrl":"gemotest.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"gemotest.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://ProBolezny.ru/gigroma/","shownUrl":"https://ProBolezny.ru/gigroma/","title":"Гигрома (сухожильный ганглий): причины, симптомы и лечение в статье кистевого хирурга Прокофьева Н. 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