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Возбудители — вирусы типов A, B и C [3](https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/gripp/): \n* **Вирус типа A** — наиболее распространён и опасен, чаще всего вызывает эпидемии и пандемии, поскольку быстро мутирует, формируя новые штаммы [3](https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/gripp/). \n* **Вирус типа B** тоже способен вызывать эпидемические вспышки, но в более локализованных масштабах [3](https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/gripp/). \n* **Вирус типа C** встречается реже, протекает легче и обычно не вызывает массового заражения [3](https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/gripp/). \n\n**Опасность гриппа** связана с тем, что вирус стремительно мутирует: переболев одним сезонным штаммом, человек остаётся неподготовленным к штамму следующего сезона [8](https://www.OnClinic.ru/gripp/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\n**Основной путь распространения** — воздушно-капельный: вирусные частицы передаются от одного человека к другому при разговоре, чихании или кашле [1](https://doct.ru/articles/gripp.html)[3](https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/gripp/). \n\n**Существуют и контактные пути** передачи инфекции: если человек дотронулся до поверхности, на которую попали частицы вируса, а затем коснулся лица, носа или рта, он также может заразиться [3](https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/gripp/). \n\n**Сезон гриппа** традиционно приходится на холодное время года [8](https://www.OnClinic.ru/gripp/).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Некоторые симптомы гриппа**: \n* высокая температура (иногда — 39–40 °C) [1](https://doct.ru/articles/gripp.html); \n* ломота в теле, озноб [1](https://doct.ru/articles/gripp.html); \n* резкая слабость [1](https://doct.ru/articles/gripp.html); \n* головная боль [1](https://doct.ru/articles/gripp.html); \n* сухой кашель [1](https://doct.ru/articles/gripp.html); \n* ощущение болезненности в горле и за грудиной [1](https://doct.ru/articles/gripp.html). \n\n**При тяжёлом течении** могут развиться смертельно опасные осложнения — пневмония, воспаление сердечной мышцы, отёк головного мозга, менингит, энцефалит [2](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/gripp/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**При первых симптомах гриппа необходимо обратиться к врачу** — терапевту, педиатру (для детей), инфекционисту [3](https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/gripp/). \n\n**Для диагностики** используют лабораторные исследования, например: \n* мазок из носа и глотки на вирусы гриппа методом ПЦР [11](https://citilab.ru/articles/gripp-osobennosti-kliniki-vozmozhnye-oslozhneniya/); \n* серологический анализ на определение уровня специфических антител (имеет значение только при развитии поздних осложнений) [11](https://citilab.ru/articles/gripp-osobennosti-kliniki-vozmozhnye-oslozhneniya/). \n\n**Антибиотики** при вирусной инфекции не назначаются — их назначают, если развились бактериальные осложнения [12](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/gripp/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Особенности лечения гриппа определяются тяжестью заболевания** [12](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/gripp/): \n* **При лёгких степенях** достаточно симптоматической терапии — рекомендуется обильное питьё, постельный режим, приём жаропонижающих средств при высокой лихорадке [12](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/gripp/). \n* **При среднетяжёлом и тяжёлом течении** заболевания рекомендованы этиотропные средства, которые блокируют размножение вирусов [12](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/gripp/). \n\n**Самолечение при гриппе недопустимо** — именно врач должен поставить диагноз и назначить необходимое лечение, соответствующее состоянию и возрасту пациента [4](https://sharya.rzd-medicine.ru/news/chto-takoe-gripp-i-kakova-yego-opasnost).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://doct.ru/articles/gripp.html","shownUrl":"https://doct.ru/articles/gripp.html","title":"Грипп - причины появления, симптомы, диагностика и лечение заболевания","shortUrl":"doct.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"doct.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/gripp/","shownUrl":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/gripp/","title":"Грипп","shortUrl":"gemotest.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"gemotest.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/gripp/","shownUrl":"https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/gripp/","title":"Грипп: причины, симптомы, признаки, диагностика, лечение","shortUrl":"voronezh.sovamed.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"voronezh.sovamed.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://sharya.rzd-medicine.ru/news/chto-takoe-gripp-i-kakova-yego-opasnost","shownUrl":"https://sharya.rzd-medicine.ru/news/chto-takoe-gripp-i-kakova-yego-opasnost","title":"Что такое грипп и какова его опасность?","shortUrl":"sharya.rzd-medicine.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"sharya.rzd-medicine.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF","shownUrl":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF","title":"Грипп — Википедия","shortUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/terapiya/gripp/","shownUrl":"https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/terapiya/gripp/","title":"Грипп — причины, симптомы и лечение заболевания в клинике «Альфа-Центр Здоровья»","shortUrl":"alfazdrav.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"alfazdrav.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://klinikabudzdorov.ru/diseases/gripp/","shownUrl":"https://klinikabudzdorov.ru/diseases/gripp/","title":"Грипп – симптомы, причины, диагностика и лечение болезни у взрослых | «Будь Здоров»","shortUrl":"klinikabudzdorov.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"klinikabudzdorov.ru"},{"sourceId":8,"url":"https://www.OnClinic.ru/gripp/","shownUrl":"https://www.OnClinic.ru/gripp/","title":"Грипп - причины, симптомы, диагностика, лечение и профилактика","shortUrl":"OnClinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"OnClinic.ru"},{"sourceId":9,"url":"https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/gripp/","shownUrl":"https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/gripp/","title":"Грипп – типы A, B, C. 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