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Цель — остановить или замедлить развитие опухоли, уменьшить её размеры, предотвратить распространение метастазов [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/operatsii-i-metody-lecheniya/khimioterapiya/). \n\nПринцип действия: раковые клетки делятся чаще, чем большинство нормальных клеток, поэтому химиопрепарат с большей вероятностью повреждает именно злокачественные клетки, не влияя на большинство здоровых клеток, которые находятся в состоянии покоя [4](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/khimioterapiya/).\n\n## Показания\nХимиотерапия назначается в разных случаях, например: \n* **Перед операцией** — для уменьшения размеров опухоли, чтобы перевести неоперабельный рак в операбельный [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/operatsii-i-metody-lecheniya/khimioterapiya/)[6](https://oncotest-clinic.ru/otdeleniya/otdelenie-onkologii/protivoopukholevaya-lekarstvennaya-terapiya-khimioterapiya). \n* **После хирургического вмешательства** — для закрепления результата, уничтожения оставшихся раковых клеток и снижения риска рецидива [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/operatsii-i-metody-lecheniya/khimioterapiya/). \n* **Как основной метод лечения** — при неоперабельном раке, когда операция невозможна [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/operatsii-i-metody-lecheniya/khimioterapiya/). \n\nПротивоопухолевые средства назначаются только по рекомендации врача-онколога, заниматься самолечением недопустимо [8](https://www.expressmed.ru/blog/onkologiya/khimioterapiya/).\n\n## Виды\nНекоторые виды химиотерапии: \n* **Адъювантная (послеоперационная)** — проводится после операции для уничтожения остаточных раковых клеток и микрометастазов [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/operatsii-i-metody-lecheniya/khimioterapiya/). \n* **Неоадъювантная (предоперационная)** — проводится перед операцией для уменьшения размеров опухоли [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/operatsii-i-metody-lecheniya/khimioterapiya/). \n* **Лечебная** — проводится людям, которым операция по удалению опухоли противопоказана, или на поздних стадиях рака, когда хирургическое лечение неэффективно [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/operatsii-i-metody-lecheniya/khimioterapiya/).\n\n## Процедура\nХимиотерапию проводят **курсами, которые состоят из циклов** [12](https://oncology-spb.ru/uslugi/khimioterapiya/pervaya-khimioterapiya). Цикл — период времени, который может продолжаться от 14 до 28 дней [12](https://oncology-spb.ru/uslugi/khimioterapiya/pervaya-khimioterapiya). В этот промежуток входят дни введения химиопрепарата и время для восстановления организма [12](https://oncology-spb.ru/uslugi/khimioterapiya/pervaya-khimioterapiya). \n\n**Способы проведения**: \n* пероральный — применение таблеток и капсул [12](https://oncology-spb.ru/uslugi/khimioterapiya/pervaya-khimioterapiya); \n* локальный — нанесение препарата на кожу в виде мази [12](https://oncology-spb.ru/uslugi/khimioterapiya/pervaya-khimioterapiya); \n* подкожный, внутрикожный, внутримышечный — введение инъекционного препарата под кожу или в мышцу [12](https://oncology-spb.ru/uslugi/khimioterapiya/pervaya-khimioterapiya); \n* внутривенный — введение препарата в вену с помощью шприца, капельной системы или помпы [12](https://oncology-spb.ru/uslugi/khimioterapiya/pervaya-khimioterapiya). \n\n**Длительность курса** зависит от вида и стадии рака, переносимости лечения, скорости развития побочных эффектов и их выраженности [12](https://oncology-spb.ru/uslugi/khimioterapiya/pervaya-khimioterapiya). В среднем на курс приходится 4–8 циклов [12](https://oncology-spb.ru/uslugi/khimioterapiya/pervaya-khimioterapiya).\n\n## Побочные эффекты\n**Химиотерапия может вызывать побочные эффекты** из-за токсичности препаратов [12](https://oncology-spb.ru/uslugi/khimioterapiya/pervaya-khimioterapiya)[15](https://hemonc.ru/poleznoe/oslozhneniia-pri-khimioterapii-opasnye-situatsii/). Некоторые из них: \n* тошнота и рвота [4](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/khimioterapiya/); \n* диарея или запор [4](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/khimioterapiya/); \n* выпадение волос [4](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/khimioterapiya/); \n* потеря аппетита [4](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/khimioterapiya/); \n* усталость [4](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/khimioterapiya/); \n* анемия [4](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/khimioterapiya/); \n* синяки и кровотечения [4](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/khimioterapiya/). \n\n**Важно**: осложнения не проявятся у всех и сразу — многое зависит от индивидуальных особенностей организма, стадии заболевания, типа опухоли, схемы и подхода к лечению [15](https://hemonc.ru/poleznoe/oslozhneniia-pri-khimioterapii-opasnye-situatsii/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://EuroCityClinic.ru/information/information-for-patients/patient-library/himioterapiya-2/","shownUrl":"https://EuroCityClinic.ru/information/information-for-patients/patient-library/himioterapiya-2/","title":"Химиотерапия: показания, виды, как проходит подготовка, как проводится, побочные эффекты","shortUrl":"EuroCityClinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"EuroCityClinic.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://www.medicina.ru/press-tsentr/statyi/chto-takoye-khimioterapiya-i-kak-eyo-delayut/","shownUrl":"https://www.medicina.ru/press-tsentr/statyi/chto-takoye-khimioterapiya-i-kak-eyo-delayut/","title":"Химиотерапия - 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