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В зависимости от локализации нарушения выделяют **внутрипечёночный** (связан с патологией печени) и **внепечёночный** (вызван механическим препятствием в желчевыводящих путях) типы [2](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/). Холестаз может быть острым или хроническим [2](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины холестаза: \n* **Заболевания печени**: цирроз, гепатит, жировой гепатоз, наследственные заболевания [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kholestaz/). \n* **Лекарственные препараты**: некоторые медикаменты могут вызывать побочные эффекты, приводящие к холестазу [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kholestaz/). \n* **Желчнокаменная болезнь**: камни в желчных протоках могут заблокировать отток желчи [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kholestaz/). \n* **Опухоли**: опухоли в желчных путях или поджелудочной железе могут препятствовать нормальному оттоку желчи [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kholestaz/). \n* **Травмы желчных путей**: травматические повреждения или хирургическое вмешательство могут привести к блокаде желчных протоков [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kholestaz/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые характерные признаки холестаза: \n* **Желтуха** — пожелтение кожи и склер из-за повышения билирубина [2](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/)[11](https://doct.ru/diseases/holestaz.html). \n* **Кожный зуд** — возникает из-за накопления желчных кислот в крови [2](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/). \n* **Изменение цвета мочи и кала**: моча становится тёмной, кал — светлым [2](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/). \n* **Диспепсические расстройства**: тошнота, горечь во рту, снижение аппетита [2](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/). \n* **Боли в правом подреберье** — при обструкции протоков [2](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля подтверждения холестаза используют: \n* **Лабораторные анализы**: повышение уровня билирубина, щелочной фосфатазы, γ-глутамилтрансферазы (ГГТ), увеличение концентрации желчных кислот в крови [2](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/). \n* **Инструментальные методы**: УЗИ печени и желчных путей (выявление камней, опухолей), МРТ или КТ с контрастированием (при подозрении на обструкцию) [2](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/). \n* **Биопсия печени** — в сложных случаях для определения степени фиброза [2](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение холестаза зависит от его типа, причины и степени тяжести [2](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/). Основная цель терапии — восстановить отток желчи, устранить симптомы и предотвратить осложнения [2](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Медикаментозное лечение**: антибиотики, препараты, стимулирующие отток желчи, гепатопротекторы [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kholestaz/). \n* **Хирургическое лечение**: удаление желчных камней, хирургическое вмешательство при опухолях [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kholestaz/). \n\nПри появлении симптомов холестаза необходимо обратиться к гастроэнтерологу или гепатологу [4](https://www.kp.ru/doctor/bolezni/kholestaz/)[10](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kholestaz/","shownUrl":"https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kholestaz/","title":"Холестаз: симптомы, диагностика, профилактика и лечение","shortUrl":"mos-clinics.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mos-clinics.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/","shownUrl":"https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/","title":"Холестаз: причины, симптомы и лечение в Москве | «Бест Клиник»","shortUrl":"BestClinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"BestClinic.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://klinikabudzdorov.ru/diseases/kholestaz-zastoy-zhelchi/","shownUrl":"https://klinikabudzdorov.ru/diseases/kholestaz-zastoy-zhelchi/","title":"Холестаз – причины, симптомы, диагностика и лечение у взрослых | «Будь Здоров»","shortUrl":"klinikabudzdorov.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"klinikabudzdorov.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://www.kp.ru/doctor/bolezni/kholestaz/","shownUrl":"https://www.kp.ru/doctor/bolezni/kholestaz/","title":"Холестаз: причины, симптомы, лечение, профилактика в домашних условиях","shortUrl":"kp.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"kp.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://centr-hirurgii-spb.ru/diseases/kholestaz/","shownUrl":"https://centr-hirurgii-spb.ru/diseases/kholestaz/","title":"Холестаз: лечение, причины, симптомы заболевания","shortUrl":"centr-hirurgii-spb.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"centr-hirurgii-spb.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://stimbifid.ru/stati/holestaz.html","shownUrl":"https://stimbifid.ru/stati/holestaz.html","title":"Холестаз: причины, симптомы, диагностика и лечение","shortUrl":"stimbifid.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"stimbifid.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://slavutich.su/diseases/kholestaz/","shownUrl":"https://slavutich.su/diseases/kholestaz/","title":"Заболевания детально","shortUrl":"slavutich.su","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"slavutich.su"},{"sourceId":8,"url":"https://heptral.ru/handbook/vnutripechenochniy-kholestaz/","shownUrl":"https://heptral.ru/handbook/vnutripechenochniy-kholestaz/","title":"Холестаз - причины, симптомы, диагностика и методы лечения","shortUrl":"heptral.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"heptral.ru"},{"sourceId":9,"url":"https://citilab.ru/articles/kholestaz-simptomy-i-lechenie-kholestaticheskogo-sindroma/","shownUrl":"https://citilab.ru/articles/kholestaz-simptomy-i-lechenie-kholestaticheskogo-sindroma/","title":"Холестаз (застой желчи): что это, симптомы и лечение у беременных, женщин и мужчин","shortUrl":"citilab.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"citilab.ru"},{"sourceId":10,"url":"https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/","shownUrl":"https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/kholestaz/","title":"Холестаз – что это, причины, симптомы, признаки и методы лечения у взрослых в «СМ-Клиника»","shortUrl":"smclinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"smclinic.ru"},{"sourceId":11,"url":"https://doct.ru/diseases/holestaz.html","shownUrl":"https://doct.ru/diseases/holestaz.html","title":"Холестаз: причины проявления, симптомы и лечение","shortUrl":"doct.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"doct.ru"},{"sourceId":12,"url":"https://premium-clinic.ru/kak-diagnostirovat-holestaz/","shownUrl":"https://premium-clinic.ru/kak-diagnostirovat-holestaz/","title":"Как диагностировать холестаз?Как диагностировать холестаз?","shortUrl":"premium-clinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"premium-clinic.ru"},{"sourceId":13,"url":"https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_gastroenterologia/cholestasis","shownUrl":"https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_gastroenterologia/cholestasis","title":"Холестаз - причины, симптомы, диагностика и лечение","shortUrl":"KrasotaiMedicina.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"KrasotaiMedicina.ru"},{"sourceId":14,"url":"https://ProBolezny.ru/holestaz/","shownUrl":"https://ProBolezny.ru/holestaz/","title":"Холестаз: причины, симптомы и лечение в статье рентгенолога Смирнова М. 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