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Может быть: \n- **Острым** — характеризуется внезапным началом и интенсивными симптомами [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kholetsistit/). \n- **Хроническим** — развивается постепенно и может протекать с периодическими обострениями [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kholetsistit/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины холецистита: \n* **Камни в желчном пузыре** — перекрывают выход желчи, создавая застой и давление [6](https://citilab.ru/articles/kholetsistit/). \n* **Инфекции** — бактерии (кишечная палочка, сальмонеллы, стрептококки) могут проникнуть в желчный пузырь через кровь или из кишечника [6](https://citilab.ru/articles/kholetsistit/). \n* **Нарушения обмена веществ** — избыточный вес, сахарный диабет, высокий уровень холестерина влияют на состав желчи, делая её густой и склонной к образованию камней [6](https://citilab.ru/articles/kholetsistit/). \n* **Сидячий образ жизни и питание «на бегу»** — малоподвижность, фастфуд, пропуски приёмов пищи заставляют желчь застаиваться [6](https://citilab.ru/articles/kholetsistit/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые симптомы холецистита: \n* **Острый холецистит** — боль в правом подреберье: тянущая, схваткообразная или колющая, может отдавать под правую лопатку или плечо, усиливаться при глубоком вдохе [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/kholetsistit/). Могут добавляться тошнота, рвота, диарея, вздутие живота, повышение температуры, пожелтение кожи [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/kholetsistit/). \n* **Хронический холецистит** — в обострении появляется боль в боку справа, может быть тошнота и рвота, диарея [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/kholetsistit/). Иногда ощущается не боль, а просто тяжесть в правом боку [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/kholetsistit/). В ремиссии симптомы никак себя не проявляют [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/kholetsistit/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагностикой холецистита занимается гастроэнтеролог [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/kholetsistit/)[8](https://polyclin.ru/articles/holecistit/). Некоторые исследования, которые могут быть назначены: \n* **УЗИ органов брюшной полости** — основной метод диагностики, позволяет выявить утолщение стенки желчного пузыря, наличие камней, деформации, изгибы [12](https://vitaclinica.ru/zabolevaniya/kholetsistit/). \n* **Холецистография или холангиография** — применяются реже, но могут быть полезны для оценки проходимости жёлчных протоков [12](https://vitaclinica.ru/zabolevaniya/kholetsistit/). \n* **МРТ, КТ** — используются при неясной картине или подозрении на осложнения (например, опухоль, флегмона) [12](https://vitaclinica.ru/zabolevaniya/kholetsistit/).\n\n## Лечение\nТактика лечения холецистита определяется формой заболевания, наличием камней, осложнений [12](https://vitaclinica.ru/zabolevaniya/kholetsistit/). Используются как медикаментозные, так и хирургические методы [12](https://vitaclinica.ru/zabolevaniya/kholetsistit/). \n\n**Консервативное лечение** применяется при хронической форме без выраженных осложнений [12](https://vitaclinica.ru/zabolevaniya/kholetsistit/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Диета** — щадящее питание с исключением жирной, жареной, копчёной, острой пищи [12](https://vitaclinica.ru/zabolevaniya/kholetsistit/). \n* **Медикаментозная терапия** — назначают обезболивающие, противовоспалительные, спазмолитические и антибактериальные средства [15](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/kholetsistit/). \n* **Физиотерапевтические методики** — электрофорез, ультразвуковую терапию, минеральные ванны [15](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/kholetsistit/). \n\n**Хирургическое лечение** необходимо при хроническом калькулёзном холецистите, а также при бескаменной форме с высоким риском осложнений [15](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/kholetsistit/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kholetsistit/","shownUrl":"https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kholetsistit/","title":"Холецистит: симптомы, диагностика, профилактика и лечение","shortUrl":"mos-clinics.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mos-clinics.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/kholetsistit/","shownUrl":"https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/kholetsistit/","title":"Холецистит — что это такое, симптомы, признаки появления и лечение холецистита у мужчин и женщин | ГУТА КЛИНИК","shortUrl":"gutaclinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"gutaclinic.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://comfort.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/kholetsistit/","shownUrl":"https://comfort.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/kholetsistit/","title":"Холецистит: причины, симптомы и лечение","shortUrl":"comfort.sovamed.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"comfort.sovamed.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://klinikabudzdorov.ru/diseases/kholetsistit/","shownUrl":"https://klinikabudzdorov.ru/diseases/kholetsistit/","title":"Холецистит – причины, симптомы, признаки, диагностика и лечение болезни | «Будь Здоров»","shortUrl":"klinikabudzdorov.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"klinikabudzdorov.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://www.k31.ru/service/gastroenterologiya/cholecystitis.html","shownUrl":"https://www.k31.ru/service/gastroenterologiya/cholecystitis.html","title":"Холецистит – что это такое, причины, симптомы, диагностика и лечение в Москве","shortUrl":"k31.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"k31.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://citilab.ru/articles/kholetsistit/","shownUrl":"https://citilab.ru/articles/kholetsistit/","title":"Холецистит: причины, симптомы, лечение и профилактика воспаления желчного пузыря","shortUrl":"citilab.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"citilab.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://www.EkaMedCenter.ru/diagnosis/kholetsistit/","shownUrl":"https://www.EkaMedCenter.ru/diagnosis/kholetsistit/","title":"Холецистит - 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