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Кровоснабжение миокарда происходит через коронарные артерии — сосуды, которые обеспечивают сердце кислородом и другими важными веществами [4](https://mc21.ru/articles/infarkt-miokarda/). Когда эти артерии заблокированы и кровь не поступает в сердце, наступает инфаркт [4](https://mc21.ru/articles/infarkt-miokarda/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nОсновная причина — **атеросклероз коронарных сосудов** [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/infarkt_miokarda/). При этом заболевании на стенках сосудов появляются бляшки из холестерина, которые перекрывают просвет артерий, питающих сердце, и ухудшают кровоснабжение тканей [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/infarkt_miokarda/). Если такая бляшка разрушается, она приводит к появлению тромба, который и становится причиной инфаркта [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/infarkt_miokarda/). \n\nДругие причины: \n* **Спазм коронарных артерий**, провоцирующий резкое сужение сосудистого просвета [5](https://rshbins-life.ru/news/blog/infarkt-chto-eto-i-chem-opasen/). \n* **Травматические повреждения** (редкие случаи, связанные с внешними воздействиями) [5](https://rshbins-life.ru/news/blog/infarkt-chto-eto-i-chem-opasen/). \n\nНередко инфаркт миокарда — следствие длительной ишемической болезни сердца, когда патологические процессы в сосудах накапливаются годами, а острый приступ становится заключительной стадией нарушения питания сердечной мышцы [5](https://rshbins-life.ru/news/blog/infarkt-chto-eto-i-chem-opasen/).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Типичные симптомы**: \n* давящая или жгучая боль за грудиной, которая может отдавать в левую руку, плечо, лопатку, шею, челюсть [11](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/infarkt-miokarda/); \n* одышка, чувство нехватки воздуха [11](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/infarkt-miokarda/); \n* потливость, слабость [11](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/infarkt-miokarda/); \n* тошнота, головокружение [11](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/infarkt-miokarda/). \n\n**Нетипичные проявления**: абдоминальная форма (боль, напоминающая обострение гастрита, язвы), астматическая форма (преобладает удушье, кашель с пенистой мокротой), аритмическая форма (нарушения ритма сердца с головокружением или потерей сознания) [11](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/infarkt-miokarda/). \n\n**При любом подозрении на инфаркт** необходимо немедленно вызвать скорую помощь [11](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/infarkt-miokarda/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Диагностика инфаркта миокарда включает**: \n* **Электрокардиографию (ЭКГ)** — основной метод инструментальной диагностики, позволяет зафиксировать признаки ишемии, повреждения и некроза миокарда [13](https://premium-clinic.ru/kak-diagnostiruetsya-infarkt/). \n* **Лабораторные маркеры повреждения миокарда** — например, тропонин — белок, выделяющийся в кровь при повреждении кардиомиоцитов [13](https://premium-clinic.ru/kak-diagnostiruetsya-infarkt/). \n* **Эхокардиографию** — позволяет визуально оценить сократительную функцию сердца, выявить зоны гипокинезии, которые соответствуют участкам повреждённого миокарда [13](https://premium-clinic.ru/kak-diagnostiruetsya-infarkt/). \n* **Магнитно-резонансную томографию с контрастированием** — позволяет выявить зоны некроза и отёка в сердечной мышце, особенно при неясной картине инфаркта [13](https://premium-clinic.ru/kak-diagnostiruetsya-infarkt/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Цель лечения** — купировать сильную боль и приостановить повреждение сердечной мышцы [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/infarkt_miokarda/). Это возможно с применением медикаментозных и хирургических методов [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/infarkt_miokarda/). \n\n**Наиболее эффективным** считается восстановление проходимости коронарной артерии в течение «терапевтического окна» — первых 2–3 часов с момента появления болевого синдрома [16](https://premium-clinic.ru/kakie-metody-lecheniya-infarkta-miokarda-suschestvuyut/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/infarkt_miokarda/","shownUrl":"https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/infarkt_miokarda/","title":"Инфаркт миокарда - причины и проявления. 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