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Камни могут отличаться по размеру и форме: от мелких (до 0,5 см в диаметре) до крупных (более 1 см в диаметре) [3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/kamni-v-pochkakh/). \n\nНекоторые виды камней: \n* **Уратные** — соли мочевой кислоты [5](https://centr-hirurgii-spb.ru/diseases/kamni-v-pochkakh/); \n* **Оксалатные** — соединения кальция и щавелевой кислоты [5](https://centr-hirurgii-spb.ru/diseases/kamni-v-pochkakh/); \n* **Фосфатные** — образуются из соединений фосфорной кислоты и кальция [5](https://centr-hirurgii-spb.ru/diseases/kamni-v-pochkakh/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nКамни формируются из-за нарушений минерального обмена [1](https://www.invitro.ru/library/simptomy/26332/). Некоторые факторы, провоцирующие образование камней: \n* **Генетическая предрасположенность** [5](https://centr-hirurgii-spb.ru/diseases/kamni-v-pochkakh/)[8](https://www.MedCentrServis.ru/disease/mochekamennaya-bolezn/). \n* **Нарушения обмена веществ** (например, при подагре повышается уровень мочевой кислоты) [8](https://www.MedCentrServis.ru/disease/mochekamennaya-bolezn/). \n* **Недостаточное поступление жидкости** или большая потеря жидкости, что приводит к образованию концентрированной мочи [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/kamni-v-pochkah). \n* **Инфекционно-воспалительные заболевания почек** — воспаление нарушает процессы фильтрации и выделения мочи, часть солей остаётся внутри почечных лоханок, формируется камень [1](https://www.invitro.ru/library/simptomy/26332/).\n\n## Симптомы\nЕсли камень небольшой, патология нередко протекает бессимптомно [5](https://centr-hirurgii-spb.ru/diseases/kamni-v-pochkakh/). Если конкремент стал причиной нарушения оттока мочи, возникает **почечная колика** — сильная боль в пояснице со стороны поражённой почки [5](https://centr-hirurgii-spb.ru/diseases/kamni-v-pochkakh/). Некоторые другие симптомы: \n* если камень имеет острые края, он может повреждать слизистую мочевыводящих путей, из-за чего моча приобретает красноватый оттенок из-за появления в ней крови [5](https://centr-hirurgii-spb.ru/diseases/kamni-v-pochkakh/); \n* приступ почечной колики нередко сопровождается тошнотой и рвотой [5](https://centr-hirurgii-spb.ru/diseases/kamni-v-pochkakh/); \n* присоединение воспалительного процесса сопровождается повышением температуры, ознобом, ухудшением общего самочувствия [5](https://centr-hirurgii-spb.ru/diseases/kamni-v-pochkakh/).\n\n## Диагностика\nПри подозрении на мочекаменную болезнь необходимо обратиться к врачу-нефрологу или урологу [11](https://mc21.ru/articles/kamni-v-pochkakh/). Для диагностики могут назначить: \n* **УЗИ почек** — позволяет выявить камни, оценить их размер, форму и локализацию [12](https://new.nmicr.ru/pacientam/urological-diseases/urolitiaz-mochekamennaja-bolezn/mkb/)[15](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/mochekamennaya_bolezn/). \n* **Рентгенографию** — с помощью рентгена можно обнаружить тени камней в проекции мочевыделительной системы [16](https://clinica-urology.ru/stati-i-publikatsii/kak-diagnostiruyut-kamni-v-pochkakh-spisok-analizov-i-protsedur/). \n* **Компьютерную томографию (КТ)** — наиболее информативный метод диагностики, позволяет увидеть практически все виды камней [15](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/mochekamennaya_bolezn/).\n\n## Лечение\nВыбор лечения зависит от размера и состава камня, а также от того, где он расположен [3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/kamni-v-pochkakh/). Некоторые варианты: \n* **Консервативное лечение** — применяется, когда камни имеют небольшие размеры и не грозят серьёзными осложнениями [18](https://eurodon61.ru/about/articles/mochekamennaya-bolezn-kamni-v-pochkakh-konservativnye-i-khirurgicheskie-metody-lecheniya-profilaktik/). Включает обезболивание и обильное питьё для естественного выведения камней [18](https://eurodon61.ru/about/articles/mochekamennaya-bolezn-kamni-v-pochkakh-konservativnye-i-khirurgicheskie-metody-lecheniya-profilaktik/). \n* **Хирургическое лечение** — операцию по удалению камней проводят, когда консервативное лечение неэффективно или когда диагностика показывает, что камни в почках вызывают серьёзные опасения [18](https://eurodon61.ru/about/articles/mochekamennaya-bolezn-kamni-v-pochkakh-konservativnye-i-khirurgicheskie-metody-lecheniya-profilaktik/). \n\n**Самостоятельно вывести камни нельзя** — всё должно проходить только под контролем врача [18](https://eurodon61.ru/about/articles/mochekamennaya-bolezn-kamni-v-pochkakh-konservativnye-i-khirurgicheskie-metody-lecheniya-profilaktik/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.invitro.ru/library/simptomy/26332/","shownUrl":"https://www.invitro.ru/library/simptomy/26332/","title":"Камни в почках - причины появления, при каких заболеваниях возникает, диагностика и способы лечения","shortUrl":"invitro.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"invitro.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/kamni-v-pochkah","shownUrl":"https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/kamni-v-pochkah","title":"Камни в почках: лечение, симптомы, причины, осложнения","shortUrl":"VIDAL.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"VIDAL.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/kamni-v-pochkakh/","shownUrl":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/kamni-v-pochkakh/","title":"Камни в почках (мочекаменная болезнь) - 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