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Название происходит от латинского *carbunculus* — «уголёк», поскольку поражённая кожа приобретает багрово-синюшный оттенок, напоминающий раскалённый уголь [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/karbunkul/). \n\nЧаще всего карбункулы локализуются на задней поверхности шеи, лице, пояснице, ягодицах и межлопаточной области [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/karbunkul/). Реже патологический процесс развивается на конечностях [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/karbunkul/).\n\n## Причины\nОсновная причина — **бактериальная инфекция**, чаще всего вызванная золотистым стафилококком (Staphylococcus aureus) [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/karbunkul/)[6](https://ProBolezny.ru/karbunkul/). Патоген проникает в волосяной фолликул через микротравмы кожи, вызывая воспаление [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/karbunkul/). \n\nНекоторые факторы, способствующие развитию карбункула: \n* снижение иммунитета (на фоне хронических заболеваний, ВИЧ, диабета) [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/karbunkul/); \n* нарушение гигиены (избыточное потоотделение, загрязнение кожи) [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/karbunkul/); \n* метаболические расстройства (сахарный диабет, ожирение) [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/karbunkul/); \n* хронические кожные заболевания (пиодермия, экзема) [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/karbunkul/).\n\n## Симптомы\nКлиническая картина развивается поэтапно [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/karbunkul/): \n1. **Начальная стадия**: появление плотного болезненного узла красного цвета, отёк, гиперемия кожи [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/karbunkul/). \n2. **Стадия нагноения (3–5 день)**: формирование нескольких гнойных головок, усиление боли, пульсирующий характер, повышение температуры до 38–39°C [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/karbunkul/). \n3. **Некротическая стадия**: образование чёрного стержня (некроз), выход гноя при вскрытии [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/karbunkul/). \n4. **Заживление**: формирование глубокой язвы, рубцевание в течение 2–3 недель [3](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/karbunkul/).\n\n## Диагностика\nВ большинстве случаев диагноз ставится на основании осмотра и клинической картины [13](https://www.zdorovo365.ru/lechenie-vskrytie-karbunkula.html). Дополнительно могут быть назначены: \n* общий анализ крови (лейкоцитоз, повышенный СОЭ) [13](https://www.zdorovo365.ru/lechenie-vskrytie-karbunkula.html); \n* УЗИ мягких тканей, чтобы уточнить глубину поражения и исключить абсцесс [13](https://www.zdorovo365.ru/lechenie-vskrytie-karbunkula.html); \n* при рецидивах — бакпосев гноя с определением чувствительности к антибиотикам [13](https://www.zdorovo365.ru/lechenie-vskrytie-karbunkula.html).\n\n## Лечение\nТактика зависит от стадии воспаления, глубины поражения и общего состояния пациента [13](https://www.zdorovo365.ru/lechenie-vskrytie-karbunkula.html). **Консервативное лечение** (на ранней стадии) включает [13](https://www.zdorovo365.ru/lechenie-vskrytie-karbunkula.html): \n* антибиотики широкого спектра действия (по показаниям — с учётом чувствительности) [13](https://www.zdorovo365.ru/lechenie-vskrytie-karbunkula.html); \n* противовоспалительные препараты [13](https://www.zdorovo365.ru/lechenie-vskrytie-karbunkula.html); \n* местные антисептики (повязки с мазями) [13](https://www.zdorovo365.ru/lechenie-vskrytie-karbunkula.html); \n* покой, ограничение трения и давления на область воспаления [13](https://www.zdorovo365.ru/lechenie-vskrytie-karbunkula.html); \n* контрольное наблюдение хирурга [13](https://www.zdorovo365.ru/lechenie-vskrytie-karbunkula.html). \n\n**Хирургическое лечение** требуется, если процесс прогрессирует или гнойник уже сформирован [13](https://www.zdorovo365.ru/lechenie-vskrytie-karbunkula.html). 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