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ирбите","retina":false,"avatarId":"0","isMacOS":false,"isEmbeddedFuturis":false,"brand":"yazeka","device":{"isIOS":false,"platform":"desktop"},"expFlags":{"isFootnoteDetails":true,"isFootnoteRedesignDivided":true,"futurisMultiqueryFlag":true}},"dialogStoreProps":{"baseUrl":"","orderedPairUUID":["Question"],"requestResponsePairs":{"data":{"Question":{"userMessage":"Кариес: что это?","markdown":"**Кариес зубов** — патологический процесс, связанный с деятельностью бактерий, который разрушает эмаль зуба, а при дальнейшем развитии — и его внутренние структуры [4](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/karies/). Процесс начинается, когда бактерии выделяют кислоты, которые постепенно растворяют минеральные компоненты [1](https://innova-clinic.ru/clients/blog/poleznye-stati/karies-zubov-vsye-chto-nuzhno-znat/). Сначала на поверхности эмали может образоваться белое пятно — первый признак начального поражения [1](https://innova-clinic.ru/clients/blog/poleznye-stati/karies-zubov-vsye-chto-nuzhno-znat/). Если на этом этапе не принять профилактические меры, процесс проникает в более глубокие ткани, поражая дентин, а затем пульпу — сосудисто-нервный пучок в центральной части зуба [1](https://innova-clinic.ru/clients/blog/poleznye-stati/karies-zubov-vsye-chto-nuzhno-znat/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nОсновная причина — **плохая гигиена полости рта** [1](https://innova-clinic.ru/clients/blog/poleznye-stati/karies-zubov-vsye-chto-nuzhno-znat/)[2](https://www.ckbran.ru/cure/zabolevaniya-polosti-rta/karies-zubov). Если чистить зубы нерегулярно или недостаточно тщательно, на их поверхности скапливается зубной налёт — мягкая бактериальная плёнка из частиц пищи, микроорганизмов и продуктов их жизнедеятельности [1](https://innova-clinic.ru/clients/blog/poleznye-stati/karies-zubov-vsye-chto-nuzhno-znat/). Так создаются условия для размножения кариесогенных бактерий [1](https://innova-clinic.ru/clients/blog/poleznye-stati/karies-zubov-vsye-chto-nuzhno-znat/). \n\nТакже на развитие кариеса могут влиять: \n* **Рацион с большим количеством углеводов** [1](https://innova-clinic.ru/clients/blog/poleznye-stati/karies-zubov-vsye-chto-nuzhno-znat/). Сладкое — топливо для вредных микроорганизмов [1](https://innova-clinic.ru/clients/blog/poleznye-stati/karies-zubov-vsye-chto-nuzhno-znat/). \n* **Снижение защитных свойств слюны** [1](https://innova-clinic.ru/clients/blog/poleznye-stati/karies-zubov-vsye-chto-nuzhno-znat/). При снижении объёма слюны снижается естественная защита полости рта [1](https://innova-clinic.ru/clients/blog/poleznye-stati/karies-zubov-vsye-chto-nuzhno-znat/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНа начальном этапе кариозный процесс может протекать бессимптомно, не вызывая боли или внешних изменений [1](https://innova-clinic.ru/clients/blog/poleznye-stati/karies-zubov-vsye-chto-nuzhno-znat/). Однако по мере прогрессирования проявляются характерные признаки [1](https://innova-clinic.ru/clients/blog/poleznye-stati/karies-zubov-vsye-chto-nuzhno-znat/): \n* **Изменения в цвете** — на поверхности эмали появляются светлые матовые участки, которые со временем могут потемнеть [1](https://innova-clinic.ru/clients/blog/poleznye-stati/karies-zubov-vsye-chto-nuzhno-znat/). \n* **Повышенная чувствительность** — приём холодных, горячих или сладких напитков и блюд вызывает кратковременный дискомфорт или острую реакцию [1](https://innova-clinic.ru/clients/blog/poleznye-stati/karies-zubov-vsye-chto-nuzhno-znat/). \n* **Боль в зубе** — появляется при поражении глубоких тканей [9](https://spb.medsi.ru/articles/pervye-priznaki-kariesa-kak-raspoznat-i-chto-delat/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагностикой кариеса занимается стоматолог-терапевт [4](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/karies/). Некоторые методы диагностики: \n* **Визуальный осмотр** — стоматолог оценивает состояние зубов с помощью зеркала и зонда [13](https://cosmodent.su/materials/articles/sravnenie-razlichnykh-metodov-diagnostiki-kariesa/). \n* **Рентгенография** — использует рентгеновские лучи для получения изображений зубов и окружающих тканей, позволяет обнаружить кариес, который не виден при визуальном осмотре [13](https://cosmodent.su/materials/articles/sravnenie-razlichnykh-metodov-diagnostiki-kariesa/). \n* **Лазерная диагностика** — использует лазеры для обнаружения кариеса, здоровые ткани отражают лазерный свет по-разному по сравнению с поражёнными [13](https://cosmodent.su/materials/articles/sravnenie-razlichnykh-metodov-diagnostiki-kariesa/).\n\n## Лечение\nМетод лечения зависит от стадии заболевания [1](https://innova-clinic.ru/clients/blog/poleznye-stati/karies-zubov-vsye-chto-nuzhno-znat/)[17](https://medalist-stom.ru/blog/sovremennoe-lechenie-kariesa-metody-tekhnologii-i-etapy/). 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