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Проявляется резкой схваткообразной болью в области живота, вызванной спазмом кишечной мускулатуры [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n\nУ младенцев колики чаще всего — **физиологическое состояние**, связанное с незрелостью пищеварительного тракта [2](https://duetclinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). У детей более старшего возраста и взрослых людей спазмы почти всегда свидетельствуют о патологиях ЖКТ или других внутренних органов [2](https://duetclinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/).\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины кишечных колик: \n* **Пищеварительные патологии** — гастрит, язвенная болезнь, панкреатит, дуоденит, болезнь Крона, дивертикулит [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n* **Инфекции и интоксикации** — вирусные и бактериальные энтериты, острые отравления продуктами питания, гельминтозы, передозировка лекарств [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n* **Хирургические и травматические причины** — послеоперационные спайки, кишечная непроходимость, попадание инородных тел, химические ожоги и травмы кишечника [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n* **Влияние образа жизни** — курение и употребление алкогольных напитков, несбалансированное питание, частый стресс и эмоциональные перегрузки, резкие перепады температуры пищи [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/).\n\n## Симптомы\nОсновной симптом — **сильная схваткообразная боль**, локализующаяся преимущественно в центральной зоне живота [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). Часто пациенты описывают её как крутящую или сдавливающую, возникающую волнообразно [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n\nДополнительные признаки зависят от причины колики [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/): \n* тошнота, иногда рвота [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/); \n* вздутие живота и метеоризм [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/); \n* изжога и тяжесть после еды [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/); \n* отрыжка воздухом или кислым содержимым [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/); \n* нарушения стула (запор или диарея) [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/); \n* боли в правом подреберье, иногда опоясывающие [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/); \n* снижение аппетита, общая слабость, потливость [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n\nВ случае инфекционной причины возможны температура, озноб и признаки интоксикации [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля постановки точного диагноза врач-гастроэнтеролог использует комплексный подход [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/): \n* **Сбор анамнеза** — питание, стул, общие жалобы, образ жизни [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n* **Физикальный осмотр** — пальпация, аускультация, проверка на наличие перитонеальных симптомов [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n* **Лабораторные исследования** — общий анализ крови и мочи, анализ кала (включая скрытую кровь и яйца глист), биохимия крови, в том числе показатели печени и поджелудочной [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n* **Инструментальные методы** — УЗИ органов брюшной полости, рентгенография с контрастом, ФГДС, колоноскопия, ирригоскопия (при необходимости), КТ или МРТ для уточнения диагноза [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/).\n\n## Лечение\nТерапия направлена на устранение первопричины и облегчение симптомов [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). **Чего нельзя делать до постановки диагноза**: принимать обезболивающие и спазмолитики, использовать грелку или разогревающие мази, пить или есть, применять народные средства [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n\n**Медикаментозное лечение** (после диагностики) может включать спазмолитики (по назначению), энтеросорбенты при отравлениях, ферментные препараты (только после рекомендации врача), антибиотики — при инфекциях [1](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n\n**Дополнительные методы**: физиотерапия, хирургическое лечение (при непроходимости, опухолях и др.) 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