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Характерная особенность — **приступообразный кашель**, который может сохраняться в течение нескольких недель или даже месяцев [3](https://fbuz01.rospotrebnadzor.ru/napravleniya-deyatelnosti/profilaktika-infektsionnykh-zabolevaniy/pochemu-kashel-ne-vsegda-prostuda-chto-nuzhno-znat-o-koklyushe/). \n\nОсобую опасность коклюш представляет для детей раннего возраста, особенно до 1 года [3](https://fbuz01.rospotrebnadzor.ru/napravleniya-deyatelnosti/profilaktika-infektsionnykh-zabolevaniy/pochemu-kashel-ne-vsegda-prostuda-chto-nuzhno-znat-o-koklyushe/). У них заболевание может протекать тяжело, с выраженными приступами удушья, рвотой, остановками дыхания и судорогами [3](https://fbuz01.rospotrebnadzor.ru/napravleniya-deyatelnosti/profilaktika-infektsionnykh-zabolevaniy/pochemu-kashel-ne-vsegda-prostuda-chto-nuzhno-znat-o-koklyushe/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\n**Основной источник инфекции** — больной человек, особенно в начальной стадии заболевания [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/koklyush/). Бактерии передаются **воздушно-капельным путём** при тесном контакте — во время кашля, чихания или даже обычного разговора [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/koklyush/). \n\n**Факторы, повышающие риск заражения**: отсутствие своевременной вакцинации, неполный курс вакцинации у детей, снижение поствакцинального иммунитета через 5–10 лет после последней прививки и другие [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/koklyush/).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Клиническая картина коклюша развивается постепенно** и проходит через три последовательные стадии [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/koklyush/): \n1. **Катаральный период (1–2 недели)** — заболевание практически не отличается от обычной простуды: умеренное повышение температуры (обычно не выше 38°C), общая слабость и недомогание, насморк с прозрачным отделяемым, сухой, ненавязчивый кашель [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/koklyush/). \n2. **Пароксизмальный период (2–8 недель)** — период характерных приступов спазматического кашля: серии кашлевых толчков на одном выдохе, шумный свистящий вдох (реприз) после приступа, покраснение или посинение лица во время кашля, возможна рвота в конце приступа [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/koklyush/). Приступы учащаются ночью и могут провоцироваться физической активностью, плачем или смехом [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/koklyush/). \n3. **Период разрешения (2–4 недели)** — постепенно приступы становятся реже и слабее, но остаточный кашель может сохраняться до нескольких месяцев [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/koklyush/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Диагностикой коклюша** у детей занимается педиатр, у взрослых — терапевт [12](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/koklyush/). Врач устанавливает диагноз на основании жалоб, осмотра пациента, лабораторных и инструментальных исследований [12](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/koklyush/). \n\n**Некоторые методы диагностики**: \n* **Бактериологическое исследование мазка из носоглотки**, но оно эффективно только в первые 2 недели болезни [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/koklyush/). \n* **ПЦР-диагностика** — позволяет обнаружить ДНК возбудителя даже после начала антибиотикотерапии [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/koklyush/). \n* **Серологические исследования** — помогают выявить специфические антитела на поздних стадиях заболевания [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/koklyush/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Лечебная тактика** зависит от возраста пациента, сроков заболевания и тяжести симптомов [1](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/koklyush/). **Некоторые группы препаратов для лечения**: \n* антибиотики широкого спектра действия — угнетают жизнедеятельность микробов Bordetella pertussis и предотвращают их распространение [12](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/koklyush/); \n* противокашлевые средства центрального действия — подавляют кашлевый рефлекс, воздействуя на дыхательный (кашлевый) центр мозга [12](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/koklyush/). \n\n**При подтверждённом коклюше важно**: соблюдать щадящий режим, обеспечить обильное питьё и проветривание помещений, строго следовать назначенному лечению [3](https://fbuz01.rospotrebnadzor.ru/napravleniya-deyatelnosti/profilaktika-infektsionnykh-zabolevaniy/pochemu-kashel-ne-vsegda-prostuda-chto-nuzhno-znat-o-koklyushe/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/koklyush/","shownUrl":"https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/koklyush/","title":"Коклюш: симптомы, диагностика, профилактика и лечение","shortUrl":"mos-clinics.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mos-clinics.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/pro-zdorovie/chem-seychas-lechat-koklyush-vaktsini-antibiotiki-i-podderzhivayushchaya-terapiya/","shownUrl":"https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/pro-zdorovie/chem-seychas-lechat-koklyush-vaktsini-antibiotiki-i-podderzhivayushchaya-terapiya/","title":"Чем сейчас лечат коклюш: вакцины, антибиотики и поддерживающая терапия","shortUrl":"apteka.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"apteka.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://fbuz01.rospotrebnadzor.ru/napravleniya-deyatelnosti/profilaktika-infektsionnykh-zabolevaniy/pochemu-kashel-ne-vsegda-prostuda-chto-nuzhno-znat-o-koklyushe/","shownUrl":"https://fbuz01.rospotrebnadzor.ru/napravleniya-deyatelnosti/profilaktika-infektsionnykh-zabolevaniy/pochemu-kashel-ne-vsegda-prostuda-chto-nuzhno-znat-o-koklyushe/","title":"Почему кашель — не всегда простуда: что нужно знать о коклюше | ФБУЗ «ЦЕНТР ГИГИЕНЫ И ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ АДЫГЕЯ»","shortUrl":"fbuz01.rospotrebnadzor.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"fbuz01.rospotrebnadzor.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/koklyush/","shownUrl":"https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/koklyush/","title":"Коклюш – симптомы, причины, признаки, диагностика и лечение в «СМ-Клиника»","shortUrl":"smclinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"smclinic.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/koklyush/","shownUrl":"https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/koklyush/","title":"Коклюш симптомы у детей и взрослых, лечение коклюша в Москве| «Бест Клиник»","shortUrl":"BestClinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"BestClinic.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://citilab.ru/articles/koklyush/","shownUrl":"https://citilab.ru/articles/koklyush/","title":"Коклюш: симптомы и лечение, формы болезни и инкубационный период","shortUrl":"citilab.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"citilab.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://kdl.ru/patient/blog/koklyush-ot-kashlya-k-udushiyu-za-neskoliko-dnej","shownUrl":"https://kdl.ru/patient/blog/koklyush-ot-kashlya-k-udushiyu-za-neskoliko-dnej","title":"Коклюш признаки симптомы анализы и профилактика заражения коклюшем","shortUrl":"kdl.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"kdl.ru"},{"sourceId":8,"url":"https://OpenClinics.ru/bolezni/koklyush/","shownUrl":"https://OpenClinics.ru/bolezni/koklyush/","title":"Коклюш: инкубационный период, последствия после болезни. 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