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Может протекать: \n- **Острым** — быстро развивается, обычно проходит за 2–3 недели [2](https://www.mckolomen.ru/meditsinskiy-tsentr-v-kolomenskom/poliklinika/gastroenterologiya/lechenie-kolita/). \n- **Хроническим** — длится более полугода, возможно, на протяжении нескольких лет или десятилетий [2](https://www.mckolomen.ru/meditsinskiy-tsentr-v-kolomenskom/poliklinika/gastroenterologiya/lechenie-kolita/). Обычно у этой формы заболевания есть периоды обострений и ремиссии (отсутствия симптомов) [2](https://www.mckolomen.ru/meditsinskiy-tsentr-v-kolomenskom/poliklinika/gastroenterologiya/lechenie-kolita/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины колита: \n* **Инфекционные заболевания** — бактерии, вирусы, простейшие, грибки [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kolit/)[3](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kolit/). \n* **Нарушения кровотока** — тромбы или атеросклеротические бляшки [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kolit/). \n* **Приём лекарств** — бесконтрольное употребление некоторых медикаментов (без назначения врача, в высоких дозировках) [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kolit/). \n* **Лучевое облучение** — колит нередко возникает после лечения раковых опухолей органов таза и пищеварительного тракта [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kolit/).\n\n## Симптомы\nПроявления колита зависят от типа заболевания и степени его активности [3](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kolit/). Некоторые общие симптомы: \n* **Боль в животе** — может быть схваткообразной, тупой, ноющей или острой, локализованной или разлитой по всему животу [3](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kolit/). \n* **Нарушения стула** — запоры или диарея, иногда чередующиеся между собой [3](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kolit/). \n* **Вздутие живота**, чувство переполнения и повышенное газообразование [3](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/kolit/). \n\nПри остром колите симптомы возникают внезапно, при хроническом — постепенно [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kolit/).\n\n## Диагностика\nПри появлении симптомов колита нужно обратиться к врачу — терапевту или гастроэнтерологу [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kolit/). Специалист проведёт осмотр и назначит обследование, чтобы подтвердить диагноз и найти причину воспаления кишечника [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kolit/). Некоторые методы диагностики: \n* **Копрограмма** — обзорный анализ кала, с помощью которого можно оценить функционирование кишечника [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kolit/). \n* **Специальные анализы кала** на определение возбудителей различных инфекций — проводятся при подозрении на инфекционную природу колита [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kolit/). \n* **Ультразвуковое исследование органов брюшной полости** — позволяет оценить состояние внутренних органов и выявить сопутствующие заболевания [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kolit/).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение колита зависит от причины заболевания [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kolit/). Оно может быть медикаментозным и хирургическим [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kolit/). Например: \n* **При инфекционном колите** назначают препараты, с помощью которых можно избавиться от возбудителя болезни (антибиотики, противовирусные или противогрибковые средства) [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kolit/). \n* **При болезни Крона и неспецифическом язвенном колите** используют препараты, влияющие на активность иммунной системы — они подавляют развитие воспаления в кишечнике, тормозят прогрессирование болезни и устраняют симптомы [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kolit/). \n* **Хирургическое лечение** проводится редко — показанием к операции может стать кишечная непроходимость, возникающая на фоне хронического воспаления [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kolit/). 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