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Человек не может полностью согнуть или разогнуть руку, ногу или другую часть тела [1](https://girumed.ru/stati/kontractury_systavov/). \n\nКонтрактура может затрагивать любой сустав, но чаще всего встречается в коленях, локтях, запястьях и плечах [1](https://girumed.ru/stati/kontractury_systavov/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины контрактуры сустава: \n* **Травмы суставов** и окружающих тканей (мышц, сухожилий, связок) [1](https://girumed.ru/stati/kontractury_systavov/). \n* **Операции на суставах** — хирургическое вмешательство иногда приводит к развитию контрактур в процессе заживления и восстановления [1](https://girumed.ru/stati/kontractury_systavov/). \n* **Ожоги** кожи вокруг сустава — из-за укорочения и сжатия кожи в процессе заживления [1](https://girumed.ru/stati/kontractury_systavov/). \n* **Заболевания суставов** — артрит (включая ревматоидный артрит и артроз), подагра и другие воспалительные заболевания суставов [1](https://girumed.ru/stati/kontractury_systavov/). \n* **Неврологические заболевания** — инсульт, церебральный паралич и спастические параличи могут вызывать контрактуры из-за нарушения нормальной нервной регуляции мышечного тонуса [1](https://girumed.ru/stati/kontractury_systavov/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые симптомы контрактуры сустава: \n* **Ограничение подвижности** — трудности при сгибании или разгибании сустава [1](https://girumed.ru/stati/kontractury_systavov/)[11](https://dnk.clinic/blog/detail/kontraktura-sustava/). \n* **Боль при движении** — может возникать при попытке совершить движение, особенно если пытаться преодолеть ограничение подвижности [1](https://girumed.ru/stati/kontractury_systavov/). \n* **Деформация сустава** — в некоторых случаях контрактура может привести к видимой деформации сустава из-за укорочения тканей вокруг него [1](https://girumed.ru/stati/kontractury_systavov/). \n* **Чувство напряжения вокруг сустава** — может появиться ощущение тугоподвижности или жёсткости в суставе, даже без активного движения [1](https://girumed.ru/stati/kontractury_systavov/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля диагностики контрактуры сустава врач проводит физический осмотр и назначает исследования [1](https://girumed.ru/stati/kontractury_systavov/): \n* **Рентгенография** — помогает оценить состояние костей и суставов, выявить возможные деформации или изменения, связанные с заболеванием [1](https://girumed.ru/stati/kontractury_systavov/). \n* **Магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ)** — предоставляет более детальные изображения мягких тканей, включая мышцы, сухожилия и связки, что помогает точно определить степень поражения [1](https://girumed.ru/stati/kontractury_systavov/). \n* **Ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ)** — используется для оценки состояния мягких тканей и выявления воспалительных процессов или утолщений [1](https://girumed.ru/stati/kontractury_systavov/).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение контрактуры сустава зависит от её причины и степени развития [10](https://ufa-ortoped.ru/stati/kontraktura-sustava-prichiny-simptomy-i-metody-lecheniya/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Консервативное лечение** — лечебная физкультура (ЛФК), физиотерапия, массаж, медикаментозная терапия, ортопедические приспособления [13](https://dmz-v.ru/branches/articles/kontraktura-kolena). \n* **Хирургическое лечение** — если консервативная терапия не даёт положительного результата или контрактура находится на поздней стадии [13](https://dmz-v.ru/branches/articles/kontraktura-kolena). 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