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Зрачки не направлены параллельно друг другу, как в норме, и взгляд каждого глаза устремлён в разные стороны [1](https://www.zrenie.spb.ru/stati/kosoglazie-po-nasledstvu/). \n\nКосоглазие может быть: \n* **Врождённым** — проявляется в первые месяцы жизни младенца [1](https://www.zrenie.spb.ru/stati/kosoglazie-po-nasledstvu/). \n* **Приобретённым** — возникает вследствие внешних факторов, нередко сочетаются несколько причин [1](https://www.zrenie.spb.ru/stati/kosoglazie-po-nasledstvu/). \n\nПо типу отклонения выделяют: сходящееся (отклонение к носу), расходящееся (отклонение к виску), вертикальное (отклонение зрительной оси вверх или вниз), смешанное — одновременное сочетание нескольких типов отклонения [2](https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/kosoglazie)[6](https://www.rigla.ru/about/news/2025/kosoglazie).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины косоглазия: \n* **Аномалии развития глаз**: неправильное прикрепление или длина глазодвигательных мышц, врождённые параличи нервов, отвечающих за движение глаза [1](https://www.zrenie.spb.ru/stati/kosoglazie-po-nasledstvu/). \n* **Аномалии рефракции**: дальнозоркость, близорукость, астигматизм [4](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/kosoglazie/)[11](https://worldvision.clinic/kosoglazie/). \n* **Травмы головы или глаз** — могут повредить нервы или мышцы, управляющие движением глаз [1](https://www.zrenie.spb.ru/stati/kosoglazie-po-nasledstvu/). \n* **Заболевания центральной нервной системы**, при которых нарушается управление глазодвигательными мышцами (детский церебральный паралич, гидроцефалия, опухоли и травмы головного мозга, нейроинфекции) [12](https://mc21.ru/articles/kosoglazie-u-detey/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые симптомы косоглазия: \n* **Двоение в глазах (диплопия)** — мозг воспринимает информацию о картинке не одновременно, а поочерёдно [11](https://worldvision.clinic/kosoglazie/). \n* **Прищуривание или закрывание одного глаза** — попытка избежать двоения или улучшить зрение [10](https://spb.glazcentre.ru/o_zrenii/kosoglazie/). \n* **Наклон или поворот головы** для компенсации нарушенного зрения [10](https://spb.glazcentre.ru/o_zrenii/kosoglazie/). \n* **Ухудшение зрения в косящем глазу** — развивается амблиопия («ленивый глаз») [10](https://spb.glazcentre.ru/o_zrenii/kosoglazie/).\n\n## Диагностика\nПри подозрении на косоглазие рекомендуется обратиться к офтальмологу [14](https://retina-center.ru/articles/kosoglazie/). Диагностика включает: \n* **Визуальный осмотр** — офтальмолог оценивает положение глаз и их движения [10](https://spb.glazcentre.ru/o_zrenii/kosoglazie/). \n* **Тесты для оценки зрительных функций**: проверка остроты зрения, полей зрения и бинокулярного зрения, угла косоглазия [14](https://retina-center.ru/articles/kosoglazie/). \n* **Исследование рефракции** — выявление аномалий рефракции, которые могут быть связаны с косоглазием [14](https://retina-center.ru/articles/kosoglazie/).\n\n## Лечение\nМетод лечения косоглазия зависит от его причины, формы и возраста [15](https://www.Hirurgia-glaza.ru/mozhno-li-ispravit-kosoglazie/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Оптическая коррекция** — использование очков или линз, особенно актуально, когда страбизм обусловлен нарушением зрения [16](https://optika-chita.ru/articles/kak-ispravit-kosoglazie.html). \n* **Окклюзионная терапия** — временное закрытие глаза, который лучше видит, чтобы стимулировать функцию здорового [16](https://optika-chita.ru/articles/kak-ispravit-kosoglazie.html). \n* **Хирургическое лечение** — если консервативные методы неэффективны или анатомический дефект выражен слишком сильно, проводится операция на глазодвигательных мышцах [15](https://www.Hirurgia-glaza.ru/mozhno-li-ispravit-kosoglazie/). 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