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Такое вынужденное положение обусловлено укорочением и напряжением одной из мышц шеи — грудино-ключично-сосцевидной [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/krivosheya-u-detey/). \n\nКривошея может быть **врождённой** (признаки заметны уже при рождении или в первые месяцы жизни) или **приобретённой** (развивается в более старшем возрасте) [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/krivosheya-u-detey/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\n**Врождённая кривошея** может быть вызвана: \n* генетическими или хромосомными аномалиями [2](https://polyclinika.ru/tech/krivosheya-simptomy-i-lechenie-u-detey-i-vzroslykh/); \n* нарушениями развития мышц (гипертрофией или гипоплазией) [2](https://polyclinika.ru/tech/krivosheya-simptomy-i-lechenie-u-detey-i-vzroslykh/); \n* деформациями и дефектами при формировании шейных позвонков [2](https://polyclinika.ru/tech/krivosheya-simptomy-i-lechenie-u-detey-i-vzroslykh/); \n* неправильным положением плода в утробе: голова слишком долго наклонена к плечу [2](https://polyclinika.ru/tech/krivosheya-simptomy-i-lechenie-u-detey-i-vzroslykh/). \n\n**Приобретённая кривошея** может возникать из-за травм шейного отдела позвоночника (ожоги, ранения, вывихи, формирование рубцов), травм во время прохождения по родовым путям, инфекционных заболеваний, неврологических заболеваний [2](https://polyclinika.ru/tech/krivosheya-simptomy-i-lechenie-u-detey-i-vzroslykh/).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Некоторые признаки кривошеи**: \n* наклон головы в одну сторону и слегка повёрнут в противоположную [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/krivosheya-u-detey/); \n* ограничение подвижности в шейном отделе — трудно поворачивать голову в «здоровую» сторону, запрокидывать её назад [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/krivosheya-u-detey/); \n* асимметрия лица и черепа — на стороне наклона головы может быть сглажена носогубная складка, глазная щель кажется шире, надплечье расположено выше [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/krivosheya-u-detey/); \n* деформация черепа — при длительно существующей кривошее затылок уплощается на стороне наклона, лоб и висок могут выступать вперёд [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/krivosheya-u-detey/). \n\nУ некоторых пациентов кривошея сопровождается симптомами поражения других органов или систем: косоглазием, снижением остроты зрения или слуха, аномалиями развития стоп [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/krivosheya-u-detey/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Диагностика кривошеи начинается с консультации врача-невролога или ортопеда** [12](https://palikha-clinic.ru/stati/lechenie-krivoshei-u-vzroslyh/). Врач проводит клинический осмотр, определяет степень искривления и функциональные ограничения [12](https://palikha-clinic.ru/stati/lechenie-krivoshei-u-vzroslyh/). Дополнительно могут назначаться: \n* рентгенография шейного отдела позвоночника [12](https://palikha-clinic.ru/stati/lechenie-krivoshei-u-vzroslyh/); \n* МРТ — для оценки состояния межпозвонковых дисков и мягких тканей [12](https://palikha-clinic.ru/stati/lechenie-krivoshei-u-vzroslyh/); \n* КТ — при подозрении на костные патологии [12](https://palikha-clinic.ru/stati/lechenie-krivoshei-u-vzroslyh/); \n* электромиография — при необходимости оценки состояния мышц [12](https://palikha-clinic.ru/stati/lechenie-krivoshei-u-vzroslyh/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Лечение кривошеи зависит от причины, выраженности симптомов и общего состояния пациента** [12](https://palikha-clinic.ru/stati/lechenie-krivoshei-u-vzroslyh/). Некоторые направления: \n* **Консервативная терапия** — физиотерапия (магнитотерапия, УВЧ, электрофорез), лечебная гимнастика для укрепления мышц шеи, массаж и мануальная терапия, медикаментозное лечение (миорелаксанты, анальгетики, противовоспалительные препараты) [12](https://palikha-clinic.ru/stati/lechenie-krivoshei-u-vzroslyh/). \n* **Хирургическое лечение** — применяется в случае тяжёлых форм заболевания, не поддающихся терапии, или при наличии анатомических нарушений [12](https://palikha-clinic.ru/stati/lechenie-krivoshei-u-vzroslyh/). 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