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кровотечение (эпистаксис)** — это истечение крови из носовой полости [3](https://lorpremium.ru/stati/nosovyie-krovotecheniya-epistaksis)[7](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5). Может происходить как наружу, через ноздри, так и внутрь, стекая по задней стенке в глотку и желудок [3](https://lorpremium.ru/stati/nosovyie-krovotecheniya-epistaksis). \n\nСуществует два основных вида эпистаксиса [3](https://lorpremium.ru/stati/nosovyie-krovotecheniya-epistaksis): \n1. **Передний** — источник кровотечения — мелкие капилляры в передней части перегородки [3](https://lorpremium.ru/stati/nosovyie-krovotecheniya-epistaksis). Обычно объём крови небольшой, кровотечение прекращается без помощи врача [3](https://lorpremium.ru/stati/nosovyie-krovotecheniya-epistaksis). \n2. **Задний** — встречается реже, но опаснее [3](https://lorpremium.ru/stati/nosovyie-krovotecheniya-epistaksis). Кровь вытекает в глотку, может попадать в пищевод и желудок, вызывая тошноту и рвоту кровью [3](https://lorpremium.ru/stati/nosovyie-krovotecheniya-epistaksis). Источник — крупные сосуды в глубинных отделах [3](https://lorpremium.ru/stati/nosovyie-krovotecheniya-epistaksis).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНосовые кровотечения могут быть вызваны как местными, так и системными факторами [3](https://lorpremium.ru/stati/nosovyie-krovotecheniya-epistaksis): \n* **Местные причины**: травма носа (удар, механическое повреждение, инородное тело), сухой воздух, повреждение слизистой при аллергическом рините, частое ковыряние в носу (особенно у детей) [3](https://lorpremium.ru/stati/nosovyie-krovotecheniya-epistaksis). \n* **Системные причины**: повышенное артериальное давление, нарушения свёртываемости крови, приём антикоагулянтов (препаратов, разжижающих кровь) [3](https://lorpremium.ru/stati/nosovyie-krovotecheniya-epistaksis)[6](https://www.MedCentrServis.ru/symptom/nosovoe-krovotechenie/).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Основной признак** — выделение крови из носа или стекание её в рот из носоглотки [4](https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/nosovie-krovotechenia). В зависимости от интенсивности кровотечения могут возникать сопутствующие симптомы: тошнота, тахикардия, кровохаркание, головокружение, общая слабость, появление «мушек» перед глазами, шум в ушах [4](https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/nosovie-krovotechenia). \n\n**При заднем кровотечении** может наблюдаться рвота со сгустками крови, а также дегтеобразный (тёмный) стул [4](https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/nosovie-krovotechenia).\n\n## Первая помощь\n**Некоторые действия для остановки кровотечения**: \n* Усадить пациента на стул, корпус слегка наклонить вперёд [8](https://gorzdrav.org/blog/pochemu-iz-nosa-idet-krov-kak-ostanovit-krovotechenie/). \n* Прижать крылья носа к перегородке большим и указательным пальцем на 3–5 минут [11](https://orekhovo.clinic/spravochnik/nosovoe-krovotechenie/). \n* Приложить к переносице или затылку что-то холодное на четверть часа [11](https://orekhovo.clinic/spravochnik/nosovoe-krovotechenie/). \n\n**Запрещено**: придавать больному лежачее положение на спине, поднимать подбородок вверх, сморкаться, употреблять горячую пищу или питьё [11](https://orekhovo.clinic/spravochnik/nosovoe-krovotechenie/). \n\n**Обратиться к врачу** нужно, если кровотечение массивное и продолжается слишком долго, есть подозрение на травматическое повреждение или попадание чужеродного тела, диагностированы любые болезни, связанные с нарушением гемостаза [11](https://orekhovo.clinic/spravochnik/nosovoe-krovotechenie/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Врач проводит осмотр** полости носа, может обнаружить повреждения слизистой, полипы или опухоли [14](https://www.smclinic.ru/simptomy/nosovoe-krovotechenie/). **Для дополнительной диагностики** могут назначить: \n* **Лабораторные тесты** — анализы крови, коагулограмму [5](https://www.fdoctor.ru/simptom/krovotechenie_iz_nosa/)[14](https://www.smclinic.ru/simptomy/nosovoe-krovotechenie/). \n* **Рентгенографию носовых пазух** — исследование для выявления структурных аномалий, сосудистых поражений, опухолей [14](https://www.smclinic.ru/simptomy/nosovoe-krovotechenie/). \n* **Эндоскопию** — изучение состояния слизистой при помощи тонкого зонда с видеокамерой на конце [14](https://www.smclinic.ru/simptomy/nosovoe-krovotechenie/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://kdl.ru/patient/blog/nosovoe-krovotechenie","shownUrl":"https://kdl.ru/patient/blog/nosovoe-krovotechenie","title":"Носовое кровотечение причины анализы для диагностики как остановить кровь из носа","shortUrl":"kdl.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"kdl.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://shifa-msk.ru/services/meditsinskiy-tsentr/otoloringologiya-lor/lechenie-nosovogo-krovotecheniya/","shownUrl":"https://shifa-msk.ru/services/meditsinskiy-tsentr/otoloringologiya-lor/lechenie-nosovogo-krovotecheniya/","title":"Носовое кровотечение (эпистаксис) - 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