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Источником кровотечения может быть любой отдел ЖКТ — пищевод, желудок, тонкий и толстый кишечник [2](https://yandex.ru/health/turbo/articles?id=4463)[8](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_gastroenterologia/gastrointestinal-bleeding). \n\nВыделяют два типа кровотечений [3](https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/pro-zdorovie/krovotechenie-zheludochnokishechnoe-diagnostika-lechenie-i-profilaktika/): \n1. **Острые (профузные)** — развиваются внезапно, характеризуются массивной кровопотерей за короткий промежуток времени [3](https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/pro-zdorovie/krovotechenie-zheludochnokishechnoe-diagnostika-lechenie-i-profilaktika/). Чаще всего возникают при механических повреждениях сосудов, прободении язв или разрывах варикозно расширенных вен [3](https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/pro-zdorovie/krovotechenie-zheludochnokishechnoe-diagnostika-lechenie-i-profilaktika/). \n2. **Хронические (скрытые)** — отличаются длительным, зачастую незаметным течением с незначительным, но постоянным выделением крови [3](https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/pro-zdorovie/krovotechenie-zheludochnokishechnoe-diagnostika-lechenie-i-profilaktika/). Характерны для хронических заболеваний ЖКТ, опухолевых процессов и сосудистых патологий [3](https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/pro-zdorovie/krovotechenie-zheludochnokishechnoe-diagnostika-lechenie-i-profilaktika/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nКровотечения развиваются при различных заболеваниях пищеварительного тракта [3](https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/pro-zdorovie/krovotechenie-zheludochnokishechnoe-diagnostika-lechenie-i-profilaktika/). Некоторые причины: \n* **Кровотечения из верхних отделов ЖКТ**: язвенная болезнь желудка и/или двенадцатиперстной кишки, новообразования (полипы, кисты), диафрагмальная грыжа, инородные тела, травмы [1](https://centr-hirurgii-spb.ru/diseases/zheludochno-kishechnoe-krovotechenie/)[5](https://www.invitro.ru/library/simptomy/34635/). \n* **Кровотечения из нижних отделов ЖКТ**: дивертикулит, геморрой, анальная трещина, болезнь Крона, неспецифический язвенный колит, некоторые инфекции (сальмонеллёз) [1](https://centr-hirurgii-spb.ru/diseases/zheludochno-kishechnoe-krovotechenie/). \n\nУвеличивают риск кровотечений васкулиты, длительный приём анальгетиков, патологии свёртывающей системы крови [1](https://centr-hirurgii-spb.ru/diseases/zheludochno-kishechnoe-krovotechenie/).\n\n## Симптомы\nСкорость и выраженность развития симптомов зависят от локализации, интенсивности и причины кровотечения [3](https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/pro-zdorovie/krovotechenie-zheludochnokishechnoe-diagnostika-lechenie-i-profilaktika/). Некоторые признаки: \n* **Рвота с примесью крови** — признак повреждения пищевода, желудка или двенадцатиперстной кишки [3](https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/pro-zdorovie/krovotechenie-zheludochnokishechnoe-diagnostika-lechenie-i-profilaktika/). Когда источник кровотечения находится в желудке, рвотные массы часто приобретают вид «кофейной гущи», тогда как при повреждении пищевода кровь остаётся ярко-красной [3](https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/pro-zdorovie/krovotechenie-zheludochnokishechnoe-diagnostika-lechenie-i-profilaktika/). \n* **Жидкий чёрный стул (мелена)**, внешне похожий на дёготь [3](https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/pro-zdorovie/krovotechenie-zheludochnokishechnoe-diagnostika-lechenie-i-profilaktika/). \n* **При обильных кровотечениях** часто появляются общие признаки потери крови: слабость, головокружение, бледность, учащённый пульс и снижение давления [3](https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/pro-zdorovie/krovotechenie-zheludochnokishechnoe-diagnostika-lechenie-i-profilaktika/).\n\n## Диагностика\nПри подозрении на желудочно-кишечное кровотечение необходимо немедленно обратиться за врачебной помощью [11](https://mc21.ru/articles/zheludochno-kishechnoe-krovotechenie/). Для диагностики могут проводить: \n* **Сбор анамнеза** — врач выясняет жалобы, наличие хронических заболеваний пищеварительных органов, как давно появились тревожные симптомы [11](https://mc21.ru/articles/zheludochno-kishechnoe-krovotechenie/). \n* **Физикальный осмотр** — оценка жизненно важных функций организма, пальпация живота и пальцевое ректальное исследование [11](https://mc21.ru/articles/zheludochno-kishechnoe-krovotechenie/). \n* **Дополнительные обследования** — общий анализ крови, биохимия крови, анализ кала на скрытую кровь, сцинтиграфия желудка и пищевода, контрастная рентгенография [11](https://mc21.ru/articles/zheludochno-kishechnoe-krovotechenie/).\n\n## Лечение\nПосле уточнения причин, локализации и интенсивности кровотечения врач подбирает индивидуальный протокол лечения [11](https://mc21.ru/articles/zheludochno-kishechnoe-krovotechenie/). 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