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[1](https://semeynaya.ru/directions/onkologiya/metastaz-opukholi/)[2](https://hemonc.ru/poleznoe/metastazy-raka-prichiny-simptomy-diagnostika-i-varianty-lecheniya/)[3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/metastazy/). \n\nМетастазы могут быть: \n- **Региональными** — распространяются в ближайшие к первичной опухоли лимфатические узлы [2](https://hemonc.ru/poleznoe/metastazy-raka-prichiny-simptomy-diagnostika-i-varianty-lecheniya/). \n- **Отдалёнными** — находятся в других органах и тканях далеко от первоначального опухолевого очага [2](https://hemonc.ru/poleznoe/metastazy-raka-prichiny-simptomy-diagnostika-i-varianty-lecheniya/). \n\nЧаще всего метастазы затрагивают лимфатические узлы, лёгкие, печень, кости, головной мозг, брюшину, надпочечники [2](https://hemonc.ru/poleznoe/metastazy-raka-prichiny-simptomy-diagnostika-i-varianty-lecheniya/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nВероятность развития метастазов зависит от нескольких факторов [7](https://ProBolezny.ru/metastazi-opuholi/): \n* **Вид рака** — например, меланома относится к высокоагрессивным новообразованиям, при которых метастазы развиваются быстро [7](https://ProBolezny.ru/metastazi-opuholi/). \n* **Молекулярно-генетические особенности рака** — например, тройной негативный рак молочной железы более склонен к метастазированию, чем опухоли с рецепторами к эстрогену, прогестерону [7](https://ProBolezny.ru/metastazi-opuholi/). \n* **Степень злокачественности опухоли** — чем она выше, тем агрессивнее рак и выше вероятность его метастазирования [7](https://ProBolezny.ru/metastazi-opuholi/). \n* **Особенности роста** — опухоли с инфильтративным ростом метастазируют чаще и быстрее, чем опухоли, растущие поверхностно [7](https://ProBolezny.ru/metastazi-opuholi/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНа ранних стадиях метастазы часто никак себя не проявляют [2](https://hemonc.ru/poleznoe/metastazy-raka-prichiny-simptomy-diagnostika-i-varianty-lecheniya/). По мере развития метастазирования могут беспокоить различные симптомы, указывающие на поражение определённого органа или системы [2](https://hemonc.ru/poleznoe/metastazy-raka-prichiny-simptomy-diagnostika-i-varianty-lecheniya/). Например: \n* **Метастазы в лимфатических узлах** — увеличение их размера, обычно безболезненное [2](https://hemonc.ru/poleznoe/metastazy-raka-prichiny-simptomy-diagnostika-i-varianty-lecheniya/)[10](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/oncologic/metastases). \n* **Метастазы в головном мозге** — головокружения, распирающие головные боли, тошнота, рвота и очаговые неврологические расстройства [10](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/oncologic/metastases). \n* **Метастазы в лёгких** — частые рецидивы воспалительных заболеваний (бронхита, пневмонии, гриппа, ОРВИ), в последующем — одышка и кашель с примесью крови в мокроте [10](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/oncologic/metastases).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля обнаружения метастазов используют различные инструментальные методы диагностики [2](https://hemonc.ru/poleznoe/metastazy-raka-prichiny-simptomy-diagnostika-i-varianty-lecheniya/). Некоторые из них: \n* **Рентгенография** (с контрастом или без) — выявляет опухоли в костях и мягких тканях [11](https://oncology-spb.ru/o-nas/stati/metastazy). \n* **МРТ, КТ** — позволяют уточнить характер и локализацию метастазов [11](https://oncology-spb.ru/o-nas/stati/metastazy). \n* **Ангиография с контрастом** — обнаруживает клетки опухоли в сосудистой системе [11](https://oncology-spb.ru/o-nas/stati/metastazy).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение метастазов подбирают с учётом типа и стадии рака, локализации метастазов, общего состояния человека [2](https://hemonc.ru/poleznoe/metastazy-raka-prichiny-simptomy-diagnostika-i-varianty-lecheniya/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Хирургическое удаление** — может быть эффективным, если метастазы локализованы в одном органе или ткани [1](https://semeynaya.ru/directions/onkologiya/metastaz-opukholi/). \n* **Лучевая терапия** — используется для уничтожения злокачественных клеток [1](https://semeynaya.ru/directions/onkologiya/metastaz-opukholi/). \n* **Химиотерапия** — применяется для подавления роста и размножения злокачественных клеток [1](https://semeynaya.ru/directions/onkologiya/metastaz-opukholi/). \n\nПолностью излечить рак с метастазами сложно — часть вторичных очагов не всегда удаётся выявить и удалить [3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/metastazy/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://semeynaya.ru/directions/onkologiya/metastaz-opukholi/","shownUrl":"https://semeynaya.ru/directions/onkologiya/metastaz-opukholi/","title":"Метастаз опухоли","shortUrl":"semeynaya.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"semeynaya.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://hemonc.ru/poleznoe/metastazy-raka-prichiny-simptomy-diagnostika-i-varianty-lecheniya/","shownUrl":"https://hemonc.ru/poleznoe/metastazy-raka-prichiny-simptomy-diagnostika-i-varianty-lecheniya/","title":"Метастазы рака: причины, симптомы, диагностика и варианты лечения | Экспертный блог по онкологии доктора Ласкова.","shortUrl":"hemonc.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"hemonc.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/metastazy/","shownUrl":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/metastazy/","title":"Метастазы","shortUrl":"gemotest.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"gemotest.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7","shownUrl":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7","title":"Метастаз — Википедия","shortUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://new.nmicr.ru/pacientam/oncology/kozha-skelet-i-mjagkie-tkani/metastazy/","shownUrl":"https://new.nmicr.ru/pacientam/oncology/kozha-skelet-i-mjagkie-tkani/metastazy/","title":"Метастазы - симптомы, лечение.","shortUrl":"new.nmicr.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"new.nmicr.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://medscannet.ru/blogmed/metastazy-pri-rake/","shownUrl":"https://medscannet.ru/blogmed/metastazy-pri-rake/","title":"Метастазы при раке: признаки, виды, этапы","shortUrl":"medscannet.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"medscannet.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://ProBolezny.ru/metastazi-opuholi/","shownUrl":"https://ProBolezny.ru/metastazi-opuholi/","title":"Что такое метастазы, их симптомы, признаки и лечение — в статье онколога Пылева А. 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