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Обычно растёт на ножке, прикреплённой к перегородке, разделяющей левую и правую половины сердца [1](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0). \n\n**Типичная локализация**: левое предсердие (до 75% случаев), но возможно нахождение во всех камерах сердца [4](https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/zabolevaniya-serdtsa-i-arteriy/zabolevaniya-serdtsa/opukholi-serdtsa/). \n\n**Размеры**: от 1 см до 16 см, вес — до 300–350 г [3](https://polyclinika.ru/tech/miksoma-serdtsa-simptomy-i-lechenie/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nПричины возникновения миксомы сердца до конца не изучены [6](https://mc21.ru/articles/mioksoma-serdtsa/). Некоторые факторы, которые могут быть связаны с развитием опухоли: \n* **Спорадические случаи** — возникают случайно, без наследственной предрасположенности [6](https://mc21.ru/articles/mioksoma-serdtsa/). \n* **Наследственные миксомы** — связаны с генетическими синдромами, например, синдромом Карни, и передаются по наследству от родителей к детям [6](https://mc21.ru/articles/mioksoma-serdtsa/). \n* **Инфекции**, вызванные вирусом Коксаки или цитомегаловирусом — в некоторых случаях эти вирусы вызывают воспаление в сердечной ткани, которое может способствовать образованию миксомы [6](https://mc21.ru/articles/mioksoma-serdtsa/).\n\n## Симптомы\nКлиническая картина миксомы разнообразна и малоспецифична, зависит от локализации опухоли, её подвижности, размеров и других факторов [4](https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/zabolevaniya-serdtsa-i-arteriy/zabolevaniya-serdtsa/opukholi-serdtsa/). Некоторые симптомы: \n* одышка, боли в груди [4](https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/zabolevaniya-serdtsa-i-arteriy/zabolevaniya-serdtsa/opukholi-serdtsa/); \n* головокружения, обмороки [4](https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/zabolevaniya-serdtsa-i-arteriy/zabolevaniya-serdtsa/opukholi-serdtsa/); \n* различные виды аритмий [4](https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/zabolevaniya-serdtsa-i-arteriy/zabolevaniya-serdtsa/opukholi-serdtsa/). \n\nНередко наблюдается отсутствие каких-либо симптомов, и наличие новообразования — случайная находка в ходе планового обследования пациента [4](https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/zabolevaniya-serdtsa-i-arteriy/zabolevaniya-serdtsa/opukholi-serdtsa/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля диагностики миксомы сердца используют: \n* **Эхокардиографию** (трансторакальную и чреспищеводную) — позволяет визуализировать структуру сердца и выявлять наличие опухоли, её размеры, расположение и характеристики [7](https://ClassClinic.ru/otdeleniya/kardiologiya/miksoma-serdtsa-/)[12](https://ProBolezny.ru/miksoma-serdca/). \n* **Магнитно-резонансную и мультиспиральную компьютерную томографию (МРТ и МСКТ) сердца** — позволяют определить края опухоли и исключить опухолевую инфильтрацию [12](https://ProBolezny.ru/miksoma-serdca/). \n* **Электрокардиографию (ЭКГ)** — используется для оценки электрической активности сердца и выявления аномалий, связанных с наличием опухоли [7](https://ClassClinic.ru/otdeleniya/kardiologiya/miksoma-serdtsa-/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Единственный эффективный метод лечения** — **хирургическое удаление миксомы** [3](https://polyclinika.ru/tech/miksoma-serdtsa-simptomy-i-lechenie/)[15](https://clinic-m.ru/articles/miksoma-vs-tromb-slozhnosti-instrumentalnoj-diagnostiki). 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