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[1](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mononucleosis-(glandular-fever))[2](https://fantasyclinic.ru/encyclopedia/infektsii/infektsionnyy-mononukleoz-bolezn-potseluev/)[12](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B7). \n\nЗаболевание встречается главным образом у подростков и молодых людей, но также может поражать людей старшего возраста [4](https://uteka.ru/articles/bolezni/infektsionnii-mononukleoz/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\n**Чаще всего** мононуклеоз вызывается **вирусом Эпштейна-Барр (ВЭБ)** — герпесвирусом 4 типа [1](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mononucleosis-(glandular-fever))[7](https://citilab.ru/articles/mononukleoz/)[13](https://DetDoc.ru/advices/infektsionnyy-mononukleoz-u-detey/). \n\n**Пути передачи**: \n* контакт со слюной носителя вируса (например, при поцелуях) [1](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mononucleosis-(glandular-fever))[2](https://fantasyclinic.ru/encyclopedia/infektsii/infektsionnyy-mononukleoz-bolezn-potseluev/); \n* совместное пользование предметами, которые контактируют с ротовой полостью: стаканами и чашками, столовыми принадлежностями, зубными щётками [1](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mononucleosis-(glandular-fever)); \n* реже — воздушно-капельным путём либо через кровь или сперму [1](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mononucleosis-(glandular-fever)). \n\n**Инкубационный период** — от 30 до 50 дней (4–7 недель) [2](https://fantasyclinic.ru/encyclopedia/infektsii/infektsionnyy-mononukleoz-bolezn-potseluev/). Человек становится заразным ещё до появления симптомов и может передавать вирус в период болезни и после неё в течение нескольких недель, а иногда — месяцев [2](https://fantasyclinic.ru/encyclopedia/infektsii/infektsionnyy-mononukleoz-bolezn-potseluev/).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Некоторые типичные признаки**: \n* сильная боль в горле, покраснение слизистой [1](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mononucleosis-(glandular-fever)); \n* лихорадка (обычно на уровне 38,3–40°C) [1](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mononucleosis-(glandular-fever)); \n* увеличение лимфатических узлов (ощущаются как уплотнения в области шеи, подмышек или паха) [1](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mononucleosis-(glandular-fever)); \n* отёчность миндалин, покраснение, иногда с белым или желтоватым налётом [1](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mononucleosis-(glandular-fever)); \n* головная боль и ломота в теле [1](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mononucleosis-(glandular-fever)); \n* крайняя утомляемость, потеря аппетита [1](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mononucleosis-(glandular-fever)). \n\n**У некоторых больных** также наблюдается сыпь или увеличение селезёнки или печени, но такие проявления встречаются реже [1](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mononucleosis-(glandular-fever)). Симптомы часто развиваются медленно и не всегда проявляются одновременно [1](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mononucleosis-(glandular-fever)).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Диагностика** основывается на клинической картине, лабораторных тестах и результатах анализа крови [4](https://uteka.ru/articles/bolezni/infektsionnii-mononukleoz/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Общий анализ крови** — выявляет повышение уровня лимфоцитов и появление специфических клеток — атипичных мононуклеаров [2](https://fantasyclinic.ru/encyclopedia/infektsii/infektsionnyy-mononukleoz-bolezn-potseluev/)[11](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/mononukleoz/). \n* **Определение ДНК возбудителя** в крови с помощью ПЦР [3](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/mononukleoz-u-detej-4882). \n* **Обнаружение к вирусу антител** (IgM) [3](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/mononukleoz-u-detej-4882). \n\n**При подозрении на мононуклеоз необходимо обратиться к врачу** [3](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/mononukleoz-u-detej-4882).\n\n## Лечение\n**Специфической противовирусной терапии** не существует [3](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/mononukleoz-u-detej-4882). Лечение преимущественно симптоматическое и поддерживающее [3](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/mononukleoz-u-detej-4882). Некоторые рекомендации: \n* постельный режим в течение острого периода болезни [3](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/mononukleoz-u-detej-4882); \n* соблюдение щадящего режима, чтобы снизить нагрузку на организм и ускорить процесс выздоровления [3](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/mononukleoz-u-detej-4882). \n\n**В тяжёлых случаях** может потребоваться симптоматическое лечение и тщательное наблюдение для предотвращения осложнений [13](https://DetDoc.ru/advices/infektsionnyy-mononukleoz-u-detey/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mononucleosis-(glandular-fever)","shownUrl":"https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mononucleosis-(glandular-fever)","title":"Мононуклеоз (железистая лихорадка)","shortUrl":"who.int","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"who.int"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://fantasyclinic.ru/encyclopedia/infektsii/infektsionnyy-mononukleoz-bolezn-potseluev/","shownUrl":"https://fantasyclinic.ru/encyclopedia/infektsii/infektsionnyy-mononukleoz-bolezn-potseluev/","title":"Мононуклеоз у детей (Болезнь поцелуев) - статья от клиники Фэнтези","shortUrl":"fantasyclinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"fantasyclinic.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://Megapteka.ru/specials/mononukleoz-u-detej-4882","shownUrl":"https://Megapteka.ru/specials/mononukleoz-u-detej-4882","title":"Мононуклеоз у детей: Симптомы, лечение, диагностика","shortUrl":"Megapteka.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"Megapteka.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://uteka.ru/articles/bolezni/infektsionnii-mononukleoz/","shownUrl":"https://uteka.ru/articles/bolezni/infektsionnii-mononukleoz/","title":"Инфекционный мононуклеоз: симптомы, причины, лечение | Статьи Ютеки","shortUrl":"uteka.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"uteka.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://www.medicina.ru/patsientam/zabolevanija/infekcionnyj-mononukleoz/","shownUrl":"https://www.medicina.ru/patsientam/zabolevanija/infekcionnyj-mononukleoz/","title":"Инфекционный мононуклеоз:симптомы, лечение, диагностика, классификация","shortUrl":"medicina.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"medicina.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://mc21.ru/articles/infektsionnyy-mononukleoz-u-detey/","shownUrl":"https://mc21.ru/articles/infektsionnyy-mononukleoz-u-detey/","title":"Инфекционный мононуклеоз у детей: клинические рекомендации, особенности лечения","shortUrl":"mc21.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mc21.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://citilab.ru/articles/mononukleoz/","shownUrl":"https://citilab.ru/articles/mononukleoz/","title":"Мононуклеоз у взрослых и детей: симптомы, причины и как лечить инфекционное заболевание","shortUrl":"citilab.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"citilab.ru"},{"sourceId":8,"url":"https://klinikabudzdorov.ru/diseases-child/infekcionnyy-mononukleoz-u-detey/","shownUrl":"https://klinikabudzdorov.ru/diseases-child/infekcionnyy-mononukleoz-u-detey/","title":"Инфекционный мононуклеоз у детей – симптомы, причины и лечение в клинике «Будь Здоров»","shortUrl":"klinikabudzdorov.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"klinikabudzdorov.ru"},{"sourceId":9,"url":"https://polyclinika.ru/direction2/pediatriya/infektsionnyy-mononukleoz-u-detey/","shownUrl":"https://polyclinika.ru/direction2/pediatriya/infektsionnyy-mononukleoz-u-detey/","title":"Инфекционный мононуклеоз у детей - причины, симптомы, признаки, последствия, диагностика, лечение","shortUrl":"polyclinika.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"polyclinika.ru"},{"sourceId":10,"url":"https://MedPortal.ru/enc/infection/kids/8/","shownUrl":"https://MedPortal.ru/enc/infection/kids/8/","title":"Инфекционный мононуклеоз: симптомы, лечение, причины и диагностика","shortUrl":"MedPortal.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"MedPortal.ru"},{"sourceId":11,"url":"https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/mononukleoz/","shownUrl":"https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/mononukleoz/","title":"Мононуклеоз: что это за болезнь. 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