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Основная особенность — неспособность организма стабильно чередовать периоды активности и отдыха, что приводит к внезапной дневной сонливости [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/narkolepsiya.html). \n\nОбычно расстройство проявляется в возрасте от 15 до 25 лет, хотя возможно в любом возрасте [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/narkolepsiya-vse-chto-nuzhno-znat/).\n\n## Причины\nТочные причины развития нарколепсии до конца не изучены [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/narkolepsiya-vse-chto-nuzhno-znat/)[5](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/narkolepsiya/). Некоторые факторы, которые могут способствовать развитию заболевания: \n* **Дефицит орексина (гипокретина)** — нейромедиатора, обеспечивающего стабильность бодрствования и контроль над фазами сна [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/narkolepsiya.html)[5](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/narkolepsiya/)[6](https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/narkolepsiya/). \n* **Генетическая предрасположенность** — некоторые исследования указывают на наличие генетических мутаций, связанных с повышенным риском развития нарколепсии, но наследственная передача заболевания наблюдается не всегда [5](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/narkolepsiya/). \n* **Аутоиммунные процессы** — существует гипотеза, что у пациентов с нарколепсией иммунная система ошибочно атакует клетки, вырабатывающие орексин, что приводит к его дефициту [5](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/narkolepsiya/). \n* **Влияние травм и инфекций** — черепно-мозговые травмы, инфекции и опухоли могут привести к повреждению нервных центров, отвечающих за регулирование сна [5](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/narkolepsiya/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые симптомы нарколепсии: \n* **Избыточная дневная сонливость** — непреодолимое желание заснуть даже после полноценного ночного отдыха [5](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/narkolepsiya/). \n* **Катаплексия** — резкая потеря мышечного тонуса, чаще всего спровоцированная эмоциональными реакциями, такими как смех, гнев или удивление [5](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/narkolepsiya/). \n* **Сонный паралич** — временная неспособность двигаться или говорить при засыпании или пробуждении [5](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/narkolepsiya/). \n* **Гипнагогические и гипнопомпические галлюцинации** — яркие зрительные и слуховые образы возникают на границе сна и бодрствования [5](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/narkolepsiya/). \n* **Фрагментированный ночной сон** — хотя пациенты могут быстро засыпать, их ночной сон нарушается частыми пробуждениями, что усугубляет дневную усталость [5](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/narkolepsiya/).\n\n## Диагностика\nПри появлении признаков нарколепсии необходимо обратиться к врачу — неврологу или сомнологу [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/narkolepsiya.html)[11](https://somnolog-nevrolog.ru/services/pomoshh-vzroslym/narkolepsiya/). Некоторые методы диагностики: \n* **Полисомнография** — ночное исследование сна помогает выявить нарушения его структуры, аномалии фаз быстрого сна и частые пробуждения [5](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/narkolepsiya/). \n* **Множественный тест латентности сна (МТЛС)** — определяет, как скоро происходит засыпание и когда наступает фаза быстрого сна [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/narkolepsiya-vse-chto-nuzhno-znat/)[12](https://rehabfamily.com/articles/narkolepsiya/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Полностью вылечить нарколепсию невозможно** — лечение направлено на контроль и максимальное купирование симптомов [15](https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/narkolepsiya). Некоторые методы терапии: \n* **Медикаментозное лечение** — могут назначать психостимуляторы для повышения дневного тонуса и улучшения бодрствования, снотворные средства при сложностях с засыпанием, антидепрессанты [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/narkolepsiya-vse-chto-nuzhno-znat/)[3](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/narkolepsija). \n* **Изменения в образе жизни** — уменьшение стрессов, установление регулярного графика сна, здоровое питание и физическая активность помогают улучшить общее состояние и уменьшить симптомы нарколепсии [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/narkolepsiya-vse-chto-nuzhno-znat/)[3](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/narkolepsija). \n* **Психологическая поддержка** — психотерапевт может научить пациента планировать регулярные перерывы в течение дня, что помогает уменьшить выраженность симптомов [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/narkolepsiya-vse-chto-nuzhno-znat/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://doct.ru/diseases/narkolepsiya.html","shownUrl":"https://doct.ru/diseases/narkolepsiya.html","title":"Нарколепсия (болезнь Желино) - причины, симптомы, диагностика и лечение нарколептической болезни","shortUrl":"doct.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"doct.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://mc21.ru/articles/narkolepsiya-vse-chto-nuzhno-znat/","shownUrl":"https://mc21.ru/articles/narkolepsiya-vse-chto-nuzhno-znat/","title":"Нарколепсия: причины, лечение, признаки симптомы, типы","shortUrl":"mc21.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mc21.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/narkolepsija","shownUrl":"https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/narkolepsija","title":"Нарколепсия - симптомы, причины и лечение","shortUrl":"yandex.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"yandex.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://Megapteka.ru/specials/narkolepsiya-simptomy-i-3126","shownUrl":"https://Megapteka.ru/specials/narkolepsiya-simptomy-i-3126","title":"Нарколепсия симптомы и лечение: Причины возникновения болезни","shortUrl":"Megapteka.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"Megapteka.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/narkolepsiya/","shownUrl":"https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/narkolepsiya/","title":"Нарколепсия – симптомы, причины, признаки, диагностика в Диагностическом центре доктора Куренкова","shortUrl":"alldoctors.moscow","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"alldoctors.moscow"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/narkolepsiya/","shownUrl":"https://www.mos-clinics.ru/diseases/narkolepsiya/","title":"Нарколепсия: симптомы, диагностика, профилактика и лечение","shortUrl":"mos-clinics.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mos-clinics.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/psixicheskie-rasstrojstva/narkolepsiya-bolezn-mistika","shownUrl":"https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/psixicheskie-rasstrojstva/narkolepsiya-bolezn-mistika","title":"Нарколепсия - симптомы, причины и лечение. 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