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[3](https://slavutich.su/diseases/narkomaniya/)[8](https://xn--g1ajj1a.xn--p1ai/articles/narkomaniya/)[9](https://narcorehab.com/articles/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B-%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B-%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB/). В результате употребления наркотиков формируется **психическая и физическая зависимость** [2](https://zabota092.msp.midural.ru/news/narkomaniya-chto-eto-takoe-158606/)[5](https://toxhelp.ru/about/news/narkomani-chto-eto/): \n- **Психическая зависимость** — человек с помощью наркотика желает добиться внутреннего равновесия, стремится вновь испытать его действие [2](https://zabota092.msp.midural.ru/news/narkomaniya-chto-eto-takoe-158606/)[5](https://toxhelp.ru/about/news/narkomani-chto-eto/). \n- **Физическая зависимость** — организм не может нормально функционировать без наркотика, в его отсутствие развивается синдром отмены (абстинентный синдром) [2](https://zabota092.msp.midural.ru/news/narkomaniya-chto-eto-takoe-158606/)[5](https://toxhelp.ru/about/news/narkomani-chto-eto/).\n\n## Причины\nПричины наркомании часто комплексные [11](https://tv-gubernia.ru/novosti/obwestvo/narkozavisimost-s-chego-nachinaetsya-kak-raspoznat-trevozhnye-signaly-i-pomoch-blizkim/). Некоторые факторы: \n* **Влияние окружения** — если в компании или в культуре приём наркотиков считается нормой, человек с большой вероятностью попробует их, особенно в подростковом возрасте [11](https://tv-gubernia.ru/novosti/obwestvo/narkozavisimost-s-chego-nachinaetsya-kak-raspoznat-trevozhnye-signaly-i-pomoch-blizkim/). \n* **Любопытство** — желание «попробовать» [11](https://tv-gubernia.ru/novosti/obwestvo/narkozavisimost-s-chego-nachinaetsya-kak-raspoznat-trevozhnye-signaly-i-pomoch-blizkim/). \n* **Попытка снять стресс, тревогу или депрессию** — особенно это характерно для социально уязвимых групп: бедных, дискриминируемых, людей с тяжёлыми травмами [11](https://tv-gubernia.ru/novosti/obwestvo/narkozavisimost-s-chego-nachinaetsya-kak-raspoznat-trevozhnye-signaly-i-pomoch-blizkim/).\n\n## Симптомы\nУниверсальных признаков наркомании не существует, но есть ряд тревожных сигналов [11](https://tv-gubernia.ru/novosti/obwestvo/narkozavisimost-s-chego-nachinaetsya-kak-raspoznat-trevozhnye-signaly-i-pomoch-blizkim/): \n* **Изменения в поведении** — человек становится замкнутым, отстранённым, избегает общения и прежних увлечений [11](https://tv-gubernia.ru/novosti/obwestvo/narkozavisimost-s-chego-nachinaetsya-kak-raspoznat-trevozhnye-signaly-i-pomoch-blizkim/). \n* **Резкие перепады настроения** — от апатии и грусти до раздражительности и вспышек гнева [11](https://tv-gubernia.ru/novosti/obwestvo/narkozavisimost-s-chego-nachinaetsya-kak-raspoznat-trevozhnye-signaly-i-pomoch-blizkim/). \n* **Снижается работоспособность** — человек теряет интерес к учёбе, работе или повседневным делам, становится менее сосредоточенным [11](https://tv-gubernia.ru/novosti/obwestvo/narkozavisimost-s-chego-nachinaetsya-kak-raspoznat-trevozhnye-signaly-i-pomoch-blizkim/). \n* **Внешние изменения** — расширенные зрачки, «стеклянный» взгляд, неровная речь, нарушение координации движений или ухудшение гигиены и внешнего вида [11](https://tv-gubernia.ru/novosti/obwestvo/narkozavisimost-s-chego-nachinaetsya-kak-raspoznat-trevozhnye-signaly-i-pomoch-blizkim/).\n\n## Последствия\nДлительное применение наркотиков приводит к **повреждению внутренних органов** (печени, сердца, почек, нервной системы) [4](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/narkomaniya/). Также зависимость может привести к: \n* **Нарушению психического здоровья** (депрессии, тревожного расстройства) [4](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/narkomaniya/). \n* **Ухудшению межличностных отношений** [4](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/narkomaniya/). \n* **Утрате работоспособности и социального статуса** [4](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/narkomaniya/). \n* **Инфекциям** — инъекционные наркотики повышают риск заражения ВИЧ и гепатитом, особенно если использовать общий шприц [11](https://tv-gubernia.ru/novosti/obwestvo/narkozavisimost-s-chego-nachinaetsya-kak-raspoznat-trevozhnye-signaly-i-pomoch-blizkim/).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение наркомании — процесс сложный и всегда индивидуальный [11](https://tv-gubernia.ru/novosti/obwestvo/narkozavisimost-s-chego-nachinaetsya-kak-raspoznat-trevozhnye-signaly-i-pomoch-blizkim/). 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