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Отличительная особенность — **нарушение морфологии почки**, то есть разрушение её ткани, что ухудшает функциональную активность органа (способность фильтровать кровь и производить мочу) [3](https://detskiy-medcentr-spb.ru/disease/nefropatiya-u-detej/). \n\nВыделяют **первичные** и **вторичные нефропатии** [8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija): \n- **Первичные** — наследственно обусловленные заболевания, имеющие прогрессирующее течение [8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija). \n- **Вторичные** — не являются самостоятельным заболеванием почек, а представлены осложнением основного заболевания [8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины нефропатии: \n* генетические нарушения, например, поликистоз почек [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/)[8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija); \n* аутоиммунные заболевания — гломерулонефрит и другие [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/)[8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija); \n* метаболические нарушения, например, диабетическая нефропатия [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/)[8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija); \n* инфекционные заболевания, пиелонефрит и другие [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/)[8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija); \n* артериальная гипертензия [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/)[8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija). \n\nРиск развития патологий почек увеличивают злоупотребление алкоголем, бесконтрольный приём лекарственных препаратов без назначения врача [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/)[8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija).\n\n## Симптомы\nПризнаки нефропатии могут быть разными в зависимости от причины и стадии заболевания [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/)[9](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/42819/). Некоторые из них: \n* отёки лица, рук, ног или всего тела [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/)[8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija); \n* повышение или снижение артериального давления [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/)[8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija); \n* боли в пояснице, боку [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/)[8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija); \n* изменение цвета и количества мочи [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/)[8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija); \n* частое или болезненное мочеиспускание [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/)[8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija); \n* ухудшение аппетита, тошнота, рвота, снижение веса [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/)[9](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/42819/); \n* сухость кожи, зуд, высыпания [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/). \n\nДлительное время патологии могут никак себя не проявлять либо сопровождаться незначительной симптоматикой, пока не приведут к более серьёзным изменениям в почках [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/).\n\n## Диагностика\nПри подозрении на нефропатию необходимо обратиться к врачу [8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija). Для диагностики могут назначаться: \n* **Общий и суточный анализ мочи** — при нарушениях работы почек в урине обнаруживаются сахар, следы крови, бактерии [4](https://unclinic.ru/nefropatija-prichiny-diagnostika-lechenie/)[8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija). \n* **Общий анализ крови** — при почечных патологиях наблюдается анемия — снижение концентрации гемоглобина и эритроцитов, увеличение количества белых кровяных телец и ускорение СОЭ [4](https://unclinic.ru/nefropatija-prichiny-diagnostika-lechenie/)[8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija). \n* **Биохимический анализ крови** на основные почечные, сердечные и печёночные показатели [4](https://unclinic.ru/nefropatija-prichiny-diagnostika-lechenie/)[8](https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение нефропатии зависит от причины и стадии заболевания [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Этиотропная терапия** — направлена на устранение причины нефропатии — например, антибиотики при инфекции, иммуносупрессивные препараты при аутоиммунном процессе [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/). \n* **Патогенетическая терапия** — направлена на коррекцию нарушений функции почек и организма в целом [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/). Может заключаться в назначении диеты, диуретических средств, антигипертензивных препаратов, гемодиализа и других процедур [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/). \n* **Симптоматическая терапия** — для улучшения самочувствия пациента и устранения неприятных симптомов назначают обезболивающие, противозудные, железосодержащие препараты [1](https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/). \n\nПри своевременной медицинской помощи нефропатия полностью излечима, и функции почек могут быть восстановлены [2](https://www.mediccity.ru/directions/533).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/","shownUrl":"https://donmed.clinic/company/stati/nefropatiya/","title":"Нефропатия - Медицинская клиника «ДонМед» в Ростове-на-Дону","shortUrl":"donmed.clinic","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"donmed.clinic"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://www.mediccity.ru/directions/533","shownUrl":"https://www.mediccity.ru/directions/533","title":"Нефропатия, поражение почек, почечная недостаточность","shortUrl":"mediccity.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mediccity.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://detskiy-medcentr-spb.ru/disease/nefropatiya-u-detej/","shownUrl":"https://detskiy-medcentr-spb.ru/disease/nefropatiya-u-detej/","title":"Нефропатия почек у детей: симптомы, лечение детской нефропатии","shortUrl":"detskiy-medcentr-spb.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"detskiy-medcentr-spb.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://unclinic.ru/nefropatija-prichiny-diagnostika-lechenie/","shownUrl":"https://unclinic.ru/nefropatija-prichiny-diagnostika-lechenie/","title":"Нефропатия: диагностика и лечение | Университетская клиника","shortUrl":"unclinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"unclinic.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/nefropatii_porazhenie_pochek_rasstroystva_obmena_veshchestv/","shownUrl":"https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/nefropatii_porazhenie_pochek_rasstroystva_obmena_veshchestv/","title":"Что такое нефропатии: особенности обмена веществ | MedAboutMe","shortUrl":"MedAboutMe.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"MedAboutMe.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://www.smdoctor.ru/disease/dismetabolicheskaya-nefropatiya-u-detey/","shownUrl":"https://www.smdoctor.ru/disease/dismetabolicheskaya-nefropatiya-u-detey/","title":"Дисметаболическая нефропатия у детей - причины, симптомы, методы диагностики и лечения детских болезней в «СМ-Клиника» для детей и подростков","shortUrl":"smdoctor.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"smdoctor.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/nefropatii_porazheniya_pochek_pri_otravlenii_sboyakh_immuniteta/","shownUrl":"https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/nefropatii_porazheniya_pochek_pri_otravlenii_sboyakh_immuniteta/","title":"Нефропатии: механизм развития и проявления болезни | MedAboutMe","shortUrl":"MedAboutMe.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"MedAboutMe.ru"},{"sourceId":8,"url":"https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija","shownUrl":"https://yandex.ru/medicine/disease/nefropatija","title":"Нефропатия - симптомы, причины и лечение","shortUrl":"yandex.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"yandex.ru"},{"sourceId":9,"url":"https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/42819/","shownUrl":"https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/42819/","title":"Нефропатия - причины появления, симптомы заболевания, диагностика и способы лечения","shortUrl":"invitro.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"invitro.ru"},{"sourceId":10,"url":"https://klinikabudzdorov.ru/diseases/lekarstvennaya-nefropatiya/","shownUrl":"https://klinikabudzdorov.ru/diseases/lekarstvennaya-nefropatiya/","title":"Лекарственная нефропатия (поражение почек) – причины, симптомы, диагностика и лечение | Клиника «Будь Здоров»","shortUrl":"klinikabudzdorov.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"klinikabudzdorov.ru"},{"sourceId":11,"url":"https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_urology/drug-nephropathy","shownUrl":"https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_urology/drug-nephropathy","title":"Лекарственная нефропатия - причины, симптомы, диагностика и лечение","shortUrl":"KrasotaiMedicina.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"KrasotaiMedicina.ru"},{"sourceId":12,"url":"https://polyclinika.ru/tech/diabeticheskaya-nefropatiya-simptomy-i-lechenie/","shownUrl":"https://polyclinika.ru/tech/diabeticheskaya-nefropatiya-simptomy-i-lechenie/","title":"Диабетическая нефропатия - причины, стадии, симптомы, признаки, осложнения, диагностика, лечение, профилактика","shortUrl":"polyclinika.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"polyclinika.ru"},{"sourceId":13,"url":"https://volgograd.medsi.ru/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/toksicheskaya-nefropatiya/","shownUrl":"https://volgograd.medsi.ru/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/toksicheskaya-nefropatiya/","title":"Токсическая нефропатия. 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