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Термины «офтальмолог» и «окулист» — синонимы, но «окулист» — старое, более привычное слово, а «офтальмолог» — официальное название медицинской специальности [2](https://fomin-clinic.ru/blog/oftalmolog-chto-eto-za-vrach/)[4](https://happylook.ru/blog/zdorove-glaz/oftalmolog/)[5](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/kto-takoj-oftalmolog-6183).\n\n## Заболевания\nНекоторые заболевания, которые лечит офтальмолог: \n* **Нарушения зрения**: близорукость (миопия), дальнозоркость (гиперметропия), астигматизм, пресбиопия (возрастное ухудшение зрения вблизи) [2](https://fomin-clinic.ru/blog/oftalmolog-chto-eto-za-vrach/)[4](https://happylook.ru/blog/zdorove-glaz/oftalmolog/). \n* **Воспалительные заболевания**: конъюнктивит, блефарит, кератит, увеит, ячмень и халязион [2](https://fomin-clinic.ru/blog/oftalmolog-chto-eto-za-vrach/). \n* **Заболевания сетчатки**: отслойка сетчатки, которая может приводить к необратимому снижению зрения [2](https://fomin-clinic.ru/blog/oftalmolog-chto-eto-za-vrach/). \n* **Травмы**: ожоги, ушибы и другие повреждения глаза [4](https://happylook.ru/blog/zdorove-glaz/oftalmolog/). \n\n## Диагностика\nОфтальмолог проводит осмотр глаз, проверяет остроту зрения с помощью специальных таблиц или приборов [5](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/kto-takoj-oftalmolog-6183). Также могут использоваться: \n* **Офтальмоскопия** — осмотр глазного дна с помощью офтальмоскопа [9](https://artelac.ru/blog/metody-diagnostiki-zreniya/)[11](https://suharevskayaoptika.ru/blog/stati/obsledovanie-glaz-kak-provoditsya-i-metody-diagnostiki/). \n* **Тонометрия** — измерение внутриглазного давления, помогает выявить глаукому на ранних стадиях [9](https://artelac.ru/blog/metody-diagnostiki-zreniya/)[11](https://suharevskayaoptika.ru/blog/stati/obsledovanie-glaz-kak-provoditsya-i-metody-diagnostiki/). \n* **Биомикроскопия** — осмотр глаза под микроскопом, позволяет исследовать структуры глазного яблока, роговицу, конъюнктиву, радужку и хрусталик [11](https://suharevskayaoptika.ru/blog/stati/obsledovanie-glaz-kak-provoditsya-i-metody-diagnostiki/). \n\n## Лечение\nНа основании обследования офтальмолог подбирает лечение, средства коррекции зрения [5](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/kto-takoj-oftalmolog-6183). Некоторые методы лечения: \n* **Медикаментозная терапия**: использование капель, мазей и инъекций для лечения воспалительных заболеваний [14](https://bogolubov.center/svc/speciality?id=12384). \n* **Подбор очков и линз** — коррекция нарушений рефракции, таких как близорукость и дальнозоркость, астигматизм [14](https://bogolubov.center/svc/speciality?id=12384). \n* **Хирургические вмешательства** — назначаются при неэффективности консервативного лечения или стремительном развитии глаукомы, катаракты, отслойке сетчатки [16](https://doct.ru/directions/oftalmologiya/operatsii/). \n\n## Профилактика\nОфтальмолог даёт рекомендации по уходу за глазами и профилактике заболеваний [5](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/kto-takoj-oftalmolog-6183). 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