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Это может привести к прогрессирующему ухудшению зрения и даже полной его потере [11](https://VistaClinic.ru/articles/otsloenie-setchatki-glaza/). \n\nРазличают **первичное** и **вторичное отслоение сетчатки** [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/chto-takoe-otsloenie-setchatki/): \n- **Первичное** — развивается из-за разрыва сетчатки, часто спонтанно [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/chto-takoe-otsloenie-setchatki/). \n- **Вторичное** — следствие других заболеваний глаз, таких как травмы, воспалительные процессы, опухоли [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/chto-takoe-otsloenie-setchatki/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины отслойки сетчатки: \n* **Травмы глаза**: удары, проникающие ранения, контузии [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/chto-takoe-otsloenie-setchatki/). \n* **Высокая степень близорукости (миопии)**, увеличивающая риск растяжения и истончения сетчатки [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/chto-takoe-otsloenie-setchatki/). \n* **Воспалительные поражения глаз**: увеиты или ретинит [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/chto-takoe-otsloenie-setchatki/). \n* **Диабетическая ретинопатия**, приводящая к формированию новых сосудов в сетчатке, которые способны легко кровоточить и провоцировать отслоение [1](https://omiclinic.ru/blog/articles/chto-takoe-otsloenie-setchatki/).\n\n## Симптомы\nОтслойка сетчатки не вызывает болевого синдрома — часто на ранних этапах патология протекает без проявлений [11](https://VistaClinic.ru/articles/otsloenie-setchatki-glaza/). Однако когда степень отслойки достигает значимых для изменения зрения масштабов, появляется характерная симптоматика [11](https://VistaClinic.ru/articles/otsloenie-setchatki-glaza/): \n* **Световые явления**: «вспышки», «молнии», «искры» [11](https://VistaClinic.ru/articles/otsloenie-setchatki-glaza/). \n* **Тёмные поля**: внезапное появление ограничений полей зрения, сужение или выпадение какого-либо участка изображения (феномен «шторки» или «завесы») [11](https://VistaClinic.ru/articles/otsloenie-setchatki-glaza/). \n* **Плавающие «точки»**: при сопутствующем поражении стекловидного тела наблюдаются «нити» и «точки» перед глазами [11](https://VistaClinic.ru/articles/otsloenie-setchatki-glaza/). \n* **Искажение зрения**: нечёткость контуров предметов, деформация изображения и изменение цветового восприятия [11](https://VistaClinic.ru/articles/otsloenie-setchatki-glaza/).\n\n## Диагностика\nПри подозрении на отслойку сетчатки офтальмолог выполняет ряд исследований [11](https://VistaClinic.ru/articles/otsloenie-setchatki-glaza/): \n* **Визометрию** — оценку остроты зрения [11](https://VistaClinic.ru/articles/otsloenie-setchatki-glaza/). \n* **Периметрию** — определение полей зрения [11](https://VistaClinic.ru/articles/otsloenie-setchatki-glaza/). \n* **Офтальмоскопию** — детальный осмотр глазного дна [11](https://VistaClinic.ru/articles/otsloenie-setchatki-glaza/). \n* **Тонометрию** — измерение внутриглазного давления [11](https://VistaClinic.ru/articles/otsloenie-setchatki-glaza/). \n* **УЗИ глазного яблока** — оценку внутренних структур [11](https://VistaClinic.ru/articles/otsloenie-setchatki-glaza/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Медикаментозная терапия** как самостоятельный метод лечения не применяется из-за недостаточной эффективности [11](https://VistaClinic.ru/articles/otsloenie-setchatki-glaza/). **Хирургическое лечение** — основной метод [17](https://catalin.ru/articles/otsloenie-setchatki-glaza/). 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