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Повреждение ЦНС происходит в перинатальный период: с 22-й недели беременности и до 7 суток после рождения (у недоношенных — до 28 дней) [3](https://deti-indigo.kz/chto-lechim/p/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya/). \n\n**Виды ПЭП**: \n- перинатальная гипоксическая — развивается при недостатке кислорода у плода [3](https://deti-indigo.kz/chto-lechim/p/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya/); \n- перинатальная ишемическая — возникает при нарушениях мозгового кровообращения [3](https://deti-indigo.kz/chto-lechim/p/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya/); \n- билирубиновая — токсическое поражение мозга при повышенном содержании билирубина в крови [3](https://deti-indigo.kz/chto-lechim/p/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya/); \n- диабетическая — повышение глюкозы в крови во время гестационного сахарного диабета у матери [3](https://deti-indigo.kz/chto-lechim/p/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nПЭП — мультифакториальное заболевание, развитие обусловлено сочетанием различных причин [2](https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/detskie-napravleniya/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya). Некоторые факторы: \n* **Гипоксия-ишемия** — мозг не получает достаточного количества кислорода и питательных веществ [2](https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/detskie-napravleniya/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya). Может возникать во время беременности, родов или в раннем постнатальном периоде из-за проблем с плацентой (например, отслойка), затяжных или осложнённых родов, недостаточной функции лёгких у новорождённого [2](https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/detskie-napravleniya/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya). \n* **Инфекционные заболевания будущей матери** во время беременности (цитомегаловирус, герпес, хламидиоз, сифилис, токсоплазмоз) [2](https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/detskie-napravleniya/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya). \n* **Генетические аномалии**, которые влияют на развитие мозга [2](https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/detskie-napravleniya/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya). \n* **Метаболические расстройства** — нарушения обмена веществ у матери или новорождённого [2](https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/detskie-napravleniya/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые признаки ПЭП у новорождённых: \n* нарушения мышечного тонуса: гипертонус — повышенный, гипотонус — сниженный [2](https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/detskie-napravleniya/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya); \n* нарушения рефлексов: отсутствие или ослабление сосательного рефлекса, замедленное или отсутствующее мочеиспускание, неадекватные реакции на свет и звук [2](https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/detskie-napravleniya/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya); \n* дыхательные расстройства: частое поверхностное дыхание, апноэ — кратковременные остановки дыхания [2](https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/detskie-napravleniya/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya); \n* трудности с питанием: рвота и отказ от еды, проблемы с глотанием [2](https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/detskie-napravleniya/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya); \n* изменение цвета кожных покровов: цианоз (синюшность) кожи, желтуха [2](https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/detskie-napravleniya/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya). \n\nЭти признаки неспецифичны и могут наблюдаться при других патологиях новорождённых [2](https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/detskie-napravleniya/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya).\n\n## Диагностика\nПри подозрении на ПЭП необходимо проконсультироваться с детским неврологом [3](https://deti-indigo.kz/chto-lechim/p/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya/). Для диагностики могут использовать: \n* **Клинический осмотр** — оценку общего состояния ребёнка, мышечного тонуса, физического развития, наличия судорог, нарушений сна и бодрствования [1](https://cvmmed.ru/article/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya-prichiny-simptomy-i-lechenie). \n* **Анамнез** — информацию о беременности и родах: возраст матери, наличие хронических заболеваний, принимаемые лекарства, протекание беременности, наличие осложнений во время родов [1](https://cvmmed.ru/article/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya-prichiny-simptomy-i-lechenie). \n* **Инструментальные методы** — нейросонографию (УЗИ головного мозга), электроэнцефалографию (ЭЭГ), компьютерную томографию (КТ) и магнитно-резонансную томографию (МРТ) [12](https://osteomed-clinic.ru/diseases/perinatalnaya-encefalopatiya/)[13](https://www.neuro-ural.ru/patient/dictonary/ru/ie/enczefalopatiya-u-detej.html).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение ПЭП проводится под контролем врача, который специализируется на заболеваниях нервной системы у детей (невролога или детского невролога) [1](https://cvmmed.ru/article/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya-prichiny-simptomy-i-lechenie). Некоторые методы лечения: \n* **Физическая терапия** — специальные упражнения и массаж для улучшения мышечного тонуса, развития двигательных навыков и улучшения координации движений [1](https://cvmmed.ru/article/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya-prichiny-simptomy-i-lechenie). \n* **Речевая терапия** — помогает развитию речи и языковых навыков, улучшает коммуникацию и социальные навыки [1](https://cvmmed.ru/article/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya-prichiny-simptomy-i-lechenie). \n* **Лекарства** — противосудорожные препараты, которые могут уменьшить количество и частоту судорог, а также другие лекарства, направленные на улучшение функционирования головного мозга [1](https://cvmmed.ru/article/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya-prichiny-simptomy-i-lechenie). \n\n**Полное выздоровление маловероятно**, но раннее выявление и адекватная терапия могут минимизировать последствия заболевания [2](https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/detskie-napravleniya/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://cvmmed.ru/article/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya-prichiny-simptomy-i-lechenie","shownUrl":"https://cvmmed.ru/article/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya-prichiny-simptomy-i-lechenie","title":"Перинатальная энцефалопатия: причины, симптомы и лечение","shortUrl":"cvmmed.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"cvmmed.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/detskie-napravleniya/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya","shownUrl":"https://Arbat25.ru/myi-lechim/detskie-napravleniya/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya","title":"Перинатальная энцефалопатия","shortUrl":"Arbat25.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"Arbat25.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://deti-indigo.kz/chto-lechim/p/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya/","shownUrl":"https://deti-indigo.kz/chto-lechim/p/perinatalnaya-entsefalopatiya/","title":"Перинатальная энцефалопатия — Что лечим НИИ «Дети Индиго» Алматы","shortUrl":"deti-indigo.kz","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"deti-indigo.kz"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://impuls-sochi.ru/uslugi/pep/","shownUrl":"https://impuls-sochi.ru/uslugi/pep/","title":"ПЭП - детский центр Импульс, Сочи","shortUrl":"impuls-sochi.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"impuls-sochi.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://newneuro.ru/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya/","shownUrl":"https://newneuro.ru/perinatalnaya-enczefalopatiya/","title":"Перинатальная энцефалопатия у детей. 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