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При этом страдают все структуры и ткани органа, особенно канальцевые структуры, нарушается функционирование почек [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit). \n\nДиагностикой и лечением пиелонефрита занимается **нефролог**, если болезнь вызвала осложнения со стороны мочевого пузыря и мочевыводящих путей — **уролог** [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit).\n\n\n\n## Виды\n* **Острый** — возникает внезапно, сопровождается выраженными симптомами [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit)[3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/pielonefrit-vospalenie-pochek/). Чаще всего развивается как осложнение инфекций других органов мочевыделительной системы — уретры, мочевого пузыря, мочеточников [3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/pielonefrit-vospalenie-pochek/). \n* **Хронический** — развивается при отсутствии адекватного лечения острой формы [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit)[3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/pielonefrit-vospalenie-pochek/). Воспаление приобретает длительный характер, при каждом рецидиве происходит изменение структуры тканей, которое приводит к образованию фиброзных рубцов [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit). \n\nВ зависимости от объёма поражения выделяют: \n* **Односторонний** — поражена только одна почка [1](https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/pielonefrit)[7](https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/pielonefrit-simptomy-lechenie-diagnostika/). \n* **Двусторонний** — поражаются обе почки одновременно [1](https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/pielonefrit).\n\n## Причины\n* **Инфекция попадает в почки** из мочевого пузыря или других органов выделительной системы (восходящий путь) [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit). \n* **Реже** — гематогенный путь, с кровотоком, который может переносить патогены из других очагов воспаления [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit). \n* **Риск развития** выше, если у человека уже есть заболевания мочеполовой системы: болезни простаты, аномалии мочевыводящих путей и воспалительные процессы в них, недержание мочи [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit). \n* **Повышаются риски** во время беременности, когда возрастает нагрузка на мочеполовую систему [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit).\n\n## Симптомы\n* **В острой форме** [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit): \n - ноющая или сильная боль в области поясницы, с той стороны, где поражена почка [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit); \n - повышение температуры тела, озноб [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit); \n - головная боль, слабость и другие признаки интоксикации, вплоть до тошноты и рвоты [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit); \n - изменение цвета и помутнение мочи, в том числе с примесью гноя или крови [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit); \n - болезненность при мочеиспускании [2](https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit). \n* **При хроническом пиелонефрите** признаки заболевания могут отсутствовать; в некоторых случаях наблюдается ноющая боль в пояснице, нарушение мочеиспускания (учащённое, увеличенными порциями), повышение температуры тела до субфебрильных значений (37–38 °C), слабость, утомляемость [3](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/pielonefrit-vospalenie-pochek/).\n\n## Лечение\n* **При остром пиелонефрите** проводят антибактериальную терапию, медикаменты подбираются с учётом чувствительности обнаруженных в моче бактерий [13](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_urology/pyelonephritis). \n* **При хроническом пиелонефрите** терапевтическая программа предусматривает устранение причин, которые привели к затруднению оттока мочи или вызвали нарушения почечного кровообращения, антибактериальную терапию и нормализацию общего иммунитета [13](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_urology/pyelonephritis). \n* **В запущенных случаях** требуется оперативное вмешательство для улучшения оттока мочи [4](https://cmrt.ru/zabolevaniya/vospalitelnye-infektsionnye/pielonefrit/). \n\n**Самолечение** пиелонефрита опасно — только врач разработает правильный курс терапии [7](https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/pielonefrit-simptomy-lechenie-diagnostika/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/pielonefrit","shownUrl":"https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/pielonefrit","title":"Пиелонефрит: симптомы, лечение, что это такое, диета, причины","shortUrl":"smclinic-spb.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"smclinic-spb.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit","shownUrl":"https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/urologia/pielonefrit","title":"Пиелонефрит - 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