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В результате стопа теряет амортизирующие свойства, что приводит к болям, деформации стоп и повышению риска развития заболеваний опорно-двигательного аппарата [1](https://7010303.ru/articles/zabolevaniya/ploskostopie/)[2](https://mz-clinic.ru/bolezni/sustav/ploskostopie/). \n\n**Причины**: слабость мышечно-связочного аппарата, избыточные нагрузки, наследственная предрасположенность [9](https://mositalmed.ru/stati/ploskostopie/)[14](https://www.doctoroleynik.com/profilaktika/kak_samostoyatelno_opredelit_ploskostopie/).\n\n\n\n## Виды\nНекоторые виды плоскостопия: \n* **По происхождению** [6](https://mamadeti.ru/article/ploskostopie-vidy-stepeni-lechenie-profilaktika/): \n - врождённое — формируется ещё до появления ребёнка на свет, встречается редко [6](https://mamadeti.ru/article/ploskostopie-vidy-stepeni-lechenie-profilaktika/); \n - приобретённое — возникает в течение жизни под влиянием факторов [6](https://mamadeti.ru/article/ploskostopie-vidy-stepeni-lechenie-profilaktika/). \n* **По анатомии свода** [6](https://mamadeti.ru/article/ploskostopie-vidy-stepeni-lechenie-profilaktika/): \n - продольное — проседает длинный продольный свод [6](https://mamadeti.ru/article/ploskostopie-vidy-stepeni-lechenie-profilaktika/); \n - поперечное — снижается поперечный свод в передней части стопы [6](https://mamadeti.ru/article/ploskostopie-vidy-stepeni-lechenie-profilaktika/); \n - комбинированное — одновременно снижаются продольный и поперечный своды [6](https://mamadeti.ru/article/ploskostopie-vidy-stepeni-lechenie-profilaktika/). \n* **По гибкости** (как ведёт себя стопа при разных нагрузках) [6](https://mamadeti.ru/article/ploskostopie-vidy-stepeni-lechenie-profilaktika/): \n - мобильное — свод сохраняет свою форму, когда человек не опирается на ноги (например, сидит), и «падает», когда он встаёт на всю поверхность стопы [6](https://mamadeti.ru/article/ploskostopie-vidy-stepeni-lechenie-profilaktika/); \n - ригидное (жёсткое) — свод отсутствует и в покое, и под нагрузкой [6](https://mamadeti.ru/article/ploskostopie-vidy-stepeni-lechenie-profilaktika/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНа начальных стадиях признаки выражены слабо, но со временем появляются [14](https://www.doctoroleynik.com/profilaktika/kak_samostoyatelno_opredelit_ploskostopie/): \n* боли и усталость в ногах, особенно после длительной нагрузки [14](https://www.doctoroleynik.com/profilaktika/kak_samostoyatelno_opredelit_ploskostopie/); \n* изменение формы стопы (увеличение длины или ширины) [14](https://www.doctoroleynik.com/profilaktika/kak_samostoyatelno_opredelit_ploskostopie/); \n* изменение пальцев, появление натоптышей [14](https://www.doctoroleynik.com/profilaktika/kak_samostoyatelno_opredelit_ploskostopie/); \n* нарушения в походке и осанке [14](https://www.doctoroleynik.com/profilaktika/kak_samostoyatelno_opredelit_ploskostopie/); \n* судороги в ногах [14](https://www.doctoroleynik.com/profilaktika/kak_samostoyatelno_opredelit_ploskostopie/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагностикой плоскостопия занимается ортопед или ортопед-травматолог [12](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/ploskostopie/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Клинический осмотр** — врач оценивает внешний вид стопы, обращает внимание на наличие утраты свода как в состоянии покоя, так и при нагрузке [14](https://www.doctoroleynik.com/profilaktika/kak_samostoyatelno_opredelit_ploskostopie/). \n* **Тест отпечатка стопы (подоскопия)** — пациента просят наступить на поверхность, предварительно покрытую краской или пудрой [14](https://www.doctoroleynik.com/profilaktika/kak_samostoyatelno_opredelit_ploskostopie/). Полученный отпечаток анализируется: при нормальном состоянии только наружные и передние части стопы оставляют следы, а при плоскостопии контакт увеличивается за счёт утраты свода [14](https://www.doctoroleynik.com/profilaktika/kak_samostoyatelno_opredelit_ploskostopie/). \n* **Рентгенологические исследования** — рентгенография стопы в состоянии нагрузки даёт возможность оценить костную структуру и выявить деформации [14](https://www.doctoroleynik.com/profilaktika/kak_samostoyatelno_opredelit_ploskostopie/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Вылечить плоскостопие у взрослых людей практически невозможно** [16](https://euromed.academy/ortopedia/ploskostopie-ili-deformatsiya-stopy/lechenie-ploskostopiya-u-vzroslykh). Цель лечения — снять боли, укрепить связочно-мышечный аппарат и остановить прогрессирование патологии [16](https://euromed.academy/ortopedia/ploskostopie-ili-deformatsiya-stopy/lechenie-ploskostopiya-u-vzroslykh). \n\n**Некоторые методы лечения**: \n* **Консервативная терапия** — приём лекарственных препаратов при сильной боли, лечебная физкультура, массаж и физиотерапия [16](https://euromed.academy/ortopedia/ploskostopie-ili-deformatsiya-stopy/lechenie-ploskostopiya-u-vzroslykh). Важно применение индивидуальных ортопедических стелек и супинаторов [16](https://euromed.academy/ortopedia/ploskostopie-ili-deformatsiya-stopy/lechenie-ploskostopiya-u-vzroslykh). \n* **Хирургические методы** — применяются в крайних случаях, когда консервативная терапия бессильна [16](https://euromed.academy/ortopedia/ploskostopie-ili-deformatsiya-stopy/lechenie-ploskostopiya-u-vzroslykh).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://7010303.ru/articles/zabolevaniya/ploskostopie/","shownUrl":"https://7010303.ru/articles/zabolevaniya/ploskostopie/","title":"Плоскостопие ✔️: симптомы, причины, диагностика и лечение","shortUrl":"7010303.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"7010303.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://mz-clinic.ru/bolezni/sustav/ploskostopie/","shownUrl":"https://mz-clinic.ru/bolezni/sustav/ploskostopie/","title":"Плоскостопие: виды, симптомы. 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