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Воспаление поражает альвеолы — структуры лёгких, отвечающие за обмен кислорода и углекислого газа [1](https://kdl.ru/patient/blog/pnevmoniya-kak-oslozhnenie-koronavirusa). \n\nМожет появиться как самостоятельное заболевание, но часто становится осложнением других болезней (грипп, коронавирус и др.) [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/pnevmoniya/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nИнфекция чаще всего передаётся воздушно-капельным путём, но в редких случаях возбудитель проникает в альвеолярную ткань с током крови или лимфатической жидкостью из других воспалительных очагов в организме [6](https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/terapiya/pnevmoniya/). \n\nТакже пневмония может возникнуть при случайном проникновении в дыхательные пути инородных предметов — твёрдых элементов, частичек пищи, напитков, рвотных масс [6](https://alfazdrav.ru/zabolevania/terapiya/pnevmoniya/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые характерные признаки пневмонии: \n* **Кашель** — сухой или с мокротой, которая может быть прозрачной, жёлтой, зелёной или даже кровянистой [4](https://stolichki.ru/clubs/health/about_diseases/vse-chto-nuzhno-znat-o-pnevmonii). \n* **Одышка** — затруднённое дыхание, особенно при физической активности [4](https://stolichki.ru/clubs/health/about_diseases/vse-chto-nuzhno-znat-o-pnevmonii). \n* **Боль в груди**, чаще всего при кашле или глубоком вдохе [4](https://stolichki.ru/clubs/health/about_diseases/vse-chto-nuzhno-znat-o-pnevmonii). \n* **Лихорадка** — повышение температуры тела, которое часто сопровождается ознобом [4](https://stolichki.ru/clubs/health/about_diseases/vse-chto-nuzhno-znat-o-pnevmonii). \n\nУ пожилых людей пневмония нередко развивается бессимптомно и проявляется только через общую слабость, быструю утомляемость, спутанность сознания [2](https://sakhalin.medscangroup.ru/zabolevaniya/pnevmoniya/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагностикой и лечением пневмонии занимается врач-пульмонолог [12](https://mositalmed.ru/stati/pnevmoniya/)[14](https://fomin-clinic.ru/zabolevaniya/pnevmoniya/). Некоторые исследования, которые могут быть назначены: \n* **Рентгенография грудной клетки** — помогает определить место и степень поражения лёгких [4](https://stolichki.ru/clubs/health/about_diseases/vse-chto-nuzhno-znat-o-pnevmonii). \n* **Лабораторные исследования**: общий анализ крови (может показать признаки воспаления), бактериологический анализ мокроты (для определения возбудителя) [4](https://stolichki.ru/clubs/health/about_diseases/vse-chto-nuzhno-znat-o-pnevmonii). \n* **Компьютерная томография (КТ)** — используется в сложных случаях для более точного определения состояния лёгких [4](https://stolichki.ru/clubs/health/about_diseases/vse-chto-nuzhno-znat-o-pnevmonii).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение пневмонии зависит от её типа, тяжести и общего состояния пациента [4](https://stolichki.ru/clubs/health/about_diseases/vse-chto-nuzhno-znat-o-pnevmonii). **Основной способ — медикаментозная терапия** [2](https://sakhalin.medscangroup.ru/zabolevaniya/pnevmoniya/). 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