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Чаще всего это обусловлено механическим препятствием в виде камня, перекрывающего просвет мочеточника, но существуют и другие возможные причины [1](https://polisoms.ru/articles/poleznye-sovety/pochechnaya-kolika-simptomy-i-lechenie/). \n\n**Виды почечной колики**: \n- **Односторонняя** — возникает в одной почке, наиболее распространённый вариант [1](https://polisoms.ru/articles/poleznye-sovety/pochechnaya-kolika-simptomy-i-lechenie/). \n- **Двусторонняя** — поражает обе почки, встречается реже, но протекает тяжелее [1](https://polisoms.ru/articles/poleznye-sovety/pochechnaya-kolika-simptomy-i-lechenie/). \n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины почечной колики: \n* **Мочекаменная болезнь** — конкременты в почках закупоривают мочеточник, нарушая нормальный отток мочи [1](https://polisoms.ru/articles/poleznye-sovety/pochechnaya-kolika-simptomy-i-lechenie/)[4](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/pochechnaya-kolika/). \n* **Сужение мочеточника** — врождённое (стенозы, клапаны) или приобретённое (из-за хронических воспалительных процессов, после хирургических вмешательств или травм) [1](https://polisoms.ru/articles/poleznye-sovety/pochechnaya-kolika-simptomy-i-lechenie/). \n* **Опухолевые образования** — доброкачественные или злокачественные новообразования в почках, мочеточнике или окружающих тканях могут сдавливать мочевыводящие пути, нарушая отток мочи [1](https://polisoms.ru/articles/poleznye-sovety/pochechnaya-kolika-simptomy-i-lechenie/). \n* **Инфекции мочеполовой системы** — воспалительные заболевания (пиелонефрит, уретрит, цистит) могут приводить к рефлекторному спазму гладкой мускулатуры мочеточника, что затрудняет прохождение мочи [1](https://polisoms.ru/articles/poleznye-sovety/pochechnaya-kolika-simptomy-i-lechenie/). \n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые симптомы почечной колики: \n* **Резкая, волнообразная боль** в спине или боку, которая может отдавать в пах, бедро, живот [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/pochechnaya-kolika-kak-raspoznat/). \n* **Ощущение рези и боли** при мочеиспускании [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/pochechnaya-kolika-kak-raspoznat/). \n* **Если боль слишком сильная**, добавляется тошнота и рвота [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/pochechnaya-kolika-kak-raspoznat/). \n* **Позывы к мочеиспусканию**, но при этом мочи выделяется мало [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/pochechnaya-kolika-kak-raspoznat/). \n* **Общее ухудшение самочувствия** нередко сопровождается повышением артериального давления и учащённым сердцебиением [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/pochechnaya-kolika-kak-raspoznat/). \n\n## Диагностика\nДля уточнения диагноза назначают: \n* **Анализы мочи и крови** — позволяют обнаружить воспаление, гематурию, присоединённую инфекцию [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/pochechnaya-kolika-kak-raspoznat/). \n* **Ультразвуковое исследование** — показывает наличие камней и воспалений [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/pochechnaya-kolika-kak-raspoznat/). \n* **Компьютерную или магнитно-резонансную томографию** — применяют для более детального исследования структуры почек и мочеточников [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/pochechnaya-kolika-kak-raspoznat/). \n\n## Лечение\nЛечение направлено на устранение причин патологии и снятие симптомов [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/pochechnaya-kolika-kak-raspoznat/). Врач может назначить: \n* **Спазмолитики и обезболивающие** — чтобы снять боль [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/pochechnaya-kolika-kak-raspoznat/). \n* **Препараты, расслабляющие мочеточники**, — чтобы вывести камни [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/pochechnaya-kolika-kak-raspoznat/). \n* **Крупные камни** удаляют с помощью хирургической операции или используют **литотрипсию** — дробление камней ультразвуком [2](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/pochechnaya-kolika-kak-raspoznat/). \n\n**Почечная колика — неотложное состояние**, требующее медицинской помощи [3](https://www.OnClinic.ru/pochechnaya-kolika/)[5](https://mc21.ru/articles/pochechnaya-kolika/). При таком состоянии необходимо обратиться к урологу или нефрологу [3](https://www.OnClinic.ru/pochechnaya-kolika/). 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