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Относится к группе нейроаллергодерматозов [6](https://ru.ruwiki.ru/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE). \n\nВыделяют разные формы почесухи, например: \n* **Детская** — возникает из-за повышенной чувствительности организма к аллергенам (пищевым, бытовым, лекарственным), укусов насекомых, нарушений работы пищеварительной системы [6](https://ru.ruwiki.ru/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE). \n* **Взрослая** — чаще связана с внутренними факторами: хроническими болезнями органов пищеварения (гастрит, язва, гепатит, цирроз), эндокринными расстройствами (сахарный диабет, гормональные дисбалансы) [6](https://ru.ruwiki.ru/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE). \n* **Узловатая** — характеризуется плотными, куполообразными узелками 0,5–2 см с корками и гиперпигментацией по периферии, чаще на голенях, предплечьях, плечах [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/pochesukha-prurigo/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nОсновной механизм заболевания — формирование замкнутого цикла «зуд-расчёсывание-зуд» [6](https://ru.ruwiki.ru/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE). Хронический зуд сенсибилизирует нервные окончания кожи, что усиливает воспаление и провоцирует новые высыпания [6](https://ru.ruwiki.ru/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE). \n\nВ редких случаях пруриго может быть симптомом системного заболевания (например, заражения ВИЧ-инфекцией или микобактериями), паразитарной (глистной) инвазии или лимфомы [1](https://ProBolezny.ru/pochesuha/).\n\n## Симптомы\n* **Интенсивный зуд** (часто усиливается вечером и ночью) [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/pochesukha-prurigo/). \n* **Папулы/узелки** от розовых до бурых с экскориациями (расчёсами), корочками, иногда с геморрагическими точками [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/pochesukha-prurigo/). \n* **Локализация**: разгибательные поверхности предплечий и голеней, плечи, ягодицы, поясница; у детей — на открытых участках [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/pochesukha-prurigo/). \n* **Лихенификация** (утолщение и огрубение кожи), сетка трещинок [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/pochesukha-prurigo/). \n* **Поствоспалительная гипер- или гипопигментация**, мелкие рубчики после заживления [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/pochesukha-prurigo/). \n* **При присоединении инфекции**: гнойнички, мокнутие, болезненность, болезненные корки, регионарные лимфоузлы [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/pochesukha-prurigo/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагностикой и лечением почесухи занимается врач-дерматолог [5](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/41996/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Осмотр и дерматоскопия высыпаний** [8](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_dermatologia/prurigo). \n* **При подозрении на присоединение вторичной инфекции** — бакпосев соскоба для выявления возбудителя и его чувствительности к антибактериальным препаратам [8](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_dermatologia/prurigo). \n* **Исключение дерматологических заболеваний**, которые имеют сходную клиническую картину [8](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_dermatologia/prurigo).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение почесухи зависит от причин заболевания [10](https://www.doctor911.am/ru/disease/pochesuha). Некоторые методы: \n* **Соблюдение гипоаллергенной диеты** — исключение пищевых аллергенов, продуктов с красителями, консервантов, острораздражающих блюд, алкоголя [12](https://www.lvrach.ru/2010/06/14354117). \n* **Антигистаминные препараты** — длительность приёма зависит от степени тяжести заболевания [12](https://www.lvrach.ru/2010/06/14354117). \n* **Наружная терапия** — топические глюкокортикостероиды, позволяющие уменьшить воспалительную реакцию кожи и зуд [5](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/41996/). \n\n**Важно**: «почесуха» — не диагноз «вообще», а зонтик для разных причин, задача врача — выяснить первопричину зуда и параллельно снять симптомы [2](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/pochesukha-prurigo/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://ProBolezny.ru/pochesuha/","shownUrl":"https://ProBolezny.ru/pochesuha/","title":"Почесуха (пруриго): причины, симптомы и лечение в статье дерматолога Чемордакова Н. 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