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Чаще всего затрагивает мышцы плеч, бёдер и туловища [2](https://semeynaya.ru/directions/revmatologiya/Polimiozit/). \n\nЗаболевание может появляться в любом возрасте, но пик заболеваемости — среди детей от 5 до 15 лет и взрослых в возрасте от 40 до 60 лет [7](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/rheumatology/polymyositis).\n\n## Причины\nТочные причины полимиозита неизвестны, но есть несколько факторов, которые могут способствовать развитию заболевания [2](https://semeynaya.ru/directions/revmatologiya/Polimiozit/)[9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/): \n* генетическая предрасположенность [2](https://semeynaya.ru/directions/revmatologiya/Polimiozit/)[9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/); \n* инфекции (вирусные, бактериальные) [2](https://semeynaya.ru/directions/revmatologiya/Polimiozit/)[9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/); \n* внешние факторы (переохлаждение, чрезмерная инсоляция, стрессы) [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/). \n\nТакже в 3,8% случаев развитие болезни связано со злокачественными новообразованиями [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Основной признак** — симметричная слабость мышц пояса верхних и нижних конечностей, не проходящая после отдыха [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/). В повседневной жизни это проявляется: \n* затруднениями во время подъёма по лестнице или вставания со стула [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/); \n* сложностями с поднятием рук выше уровня плеч (например, когда умываешься или причёсываешься) [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/); \n* невозможностью поднять голову с подушки без помощи рук [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/); \n* переменами в походке и неожиданными падениями [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/). \n\n**При более тяжёлом течении** могут поражаться: \n* мышцы глотки и гортани — затруднения при глотании, изменение голоса [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/); \n* дыхательные мышцы — одышка даже при незначительных нагрузках [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/); \n* сердце (сравнительно редко) — появляются тахикардия и аритмия [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/). \n\nУ некоторых пациентов наблюдается синдром Рейно — побледнение и посинение пальцев рук при охлаждении из-за спазма сосудов [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**При подозрении на полимиозит** необходимо обратиться к ревматологу [4](https://www.mediccity.ru/directions/583)[11](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/polimiozit/). Диагностика включает комплексный подход [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/): \n* **Анализы крови** — определение уровня креатинфосфокиназы (КФК) — основного маркера повреждения мышц [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/). \n* **Игольчатая электромиография (иЭМГ)** — ключевой метод для дифференциальной диагностики мышечного поражения [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/). \n* **Биопсия мышц** — позволяет увидеть характерные изменения: скопление воспалительных клеток, некроз мышечных волокон [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/). \n* **МРТ мышц** — выявляет отёк мышечной ткани (признак воспаления) даже на ранних стадиях [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Лечение полимиозита направлено на подавление патологической активности иммунной системы** [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/). Важно начать лечение как можно раньше, желательно в первые три месяца [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/). \n\n**Лекарственная терапия** [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/): \n* **Глюкокортикостероиды** (преднизолон, метилпреднизолон) — основа лечения [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/). Дозу рассчитывают по массе тела (1 мг/кг в сутки) [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/). При положительной динамике через три месяца дозировку понемногу снижают [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/). \n* **Иммуносупрессивные препараты** — назначают, если стероидов показали себя недостаточно эффективными (азатиоприн, циклофосфамид и т. д.) [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/). \n* **Иммуноглобулин внутривенно** — если болезнь протекает особенно тяжело [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/). \n* **Биологическая терапия** (ритуксимаб) — для устойчивых форм [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/). \n\n**Во время лечения** важно избегать факторов, провоцирующих обострение [9](https://Elamed.com/vse-o-lechenii/polimiozit-autoimmunnoe-vospalenie-myshts/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://polyclinika.ru/tech/polimiozit-simptomy-i-lechenie/","shownUrl":"https://polyclinika.ru/tech/polimiozit-simptomy-i-lechenie/","title":"Полимиозит - причины, симптомы, признаки, диагностика, лечение, прогноз","shortUrl":"polyclinika.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"polyclinika.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://semeynaya.ru/directions/revmatologiya/Polimiozit/","shownUrl":"https://semeynaya.ru/directions/revmatologiya/Polimiozit/","title":"Полимиозит","shortUrl":"semeynaya.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"semeynaya.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://ufa.medsi.ru/articles/polimiozit/","shownUrl":"https://ufa.medsi.ru/articles/polimiozit/","title":"Полимиозит – статьи о здоровье","shortUrl":"ufa.medsi.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"ufa.medsi.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://www.mediccity.ru/directions/583","shownUrl":"https://www.mediccity.ru/directions/583","title":"Полимиозит: симптомы и лечение.","shortUrl":"mediccity.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mediccity.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://mrtexpert.ru/articles/polimiozit-simptomy-lechenie-diagnostika","shownUrl":"https://mrtexpert.ru/articles/polimiozit-simptomy-lechenie-diagnostika","title":"Полимиозит: причины появления, симптомы, диагностика и лечение | МРТ Эксперт","shortUrl":"mrtexpert.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mrtexpert.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://mz-clinic.ru/bolezni/tkani/polimiozit/","shownUrl":"https://mz-clinic.ru/bolezni/tkani/polimiozit/","title":"Полимиозит: симптомы, причины, профилактика и лечение","shortUrl":"mz-clinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mz-clinic.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/rheumatology/polymyositis","shownUrl":"https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/rheumatology/polymyositis","title":"Полимиозит - причины, симптомы, диагностика и лечение","shortUrl":"KrasotaiMedicina.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"KrasotaiMedicina.ru"},{"sourceId":8,"url":"https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/revmatologiya/polimiozit/","shownUrl":"https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/revmatologiya/polimiozit/","title":"Полимиозит: симптомы и диагностика. 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